//! Parameter descriptors — operations described as data (ARCH §3.3).
//!
//! The core never builds a control. It publishes what its parameters *are*,
//! and `dr-ui` maps each `ParamKind` to a widget appropriate to the current
//! input modality (ARCH §4.3). Adding an operation therefore needs no UI
//! change (FR-DEV-3c).
//!
//! Labels are keys, not strings: resolving them needs a localiser, and
//! `core/` must not depend on one (NFR-A11Y-1).

use std::fmt;

/// Identifies a parameter within an operation.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct ParamId(pub &'static str);

impl fmt::Display for ParamId {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(self.0)
    }
}

/// Identifies an operation kind.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct OpId(pub &'static str);

impl fmt::Display for OpId {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(self.0)
    }
}

/// A localisation key. The UI resolves it; the core never sees the string.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct LocalizedKey(pub &'static str);

/// What a slider's travel means.
///
/// Photographic controls are rarely linear in their underlying quantity:
/// exposure is linear in stops but exponential in light, and a temperature
/// slider that is linear in kelvin feels wrong at both ends.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum Scale {
    Linear,
    /// Even *perceptual* steps across the range, for controls whose effect
    /// concentrates near one end.
    Perceptual,
}

/// The unit a value carries, for display.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum Unit {
    None,
    /// Exposure value — photographers think in stops, not multipliers.
    Stops,
    Kelvin,
    Percent,
}

/// A control that does not reduce to a slider or a switch.
///
/// The core names the *kind* of widget; the frontend owns what it looks like
/// and how it behaves (ARCH §3.3). This is deliberately a small closed enum
/// rather than an open string: a UI must be able to match exhaustively and
/// know it has covered everything the core can ask for.
///
/// **Every one of these is a hint over ordinary scalar parameters**, never a
/// new kind of value. A curve is its point coordinates, a colour wheel is
/// three numbers, a crop is four edges — all [`ParamKind::Scalar`], all
/// individually addressable, all persisted by the sidecar with no special
/// case. That is what makes the fallback in [`Presentation::widgets`] honest:
/// a frontend that implements none of these still renders every parameter as
/// a slider and the edit works, merely more tediously.
///
/// It is also why there is no `Colour` *kind*. A colour is three or four
/// numbers, and introducing a value type that is not an `f32` would reach
/// through the graph, the uniform block and the sidecar format to buy a
/// control that [`ColourWheel`](WidgetKind::ColourWheel) already describes.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum WidgetKind {
    /// A tone curve, edited by dragging points on a grid.
    ///
    /// The underlying parameters are the point coordinates, x and y
    /// interleaved.
    ToneCurve,
    /// Colour grading wheels: a hue-and-strength pad per tonal range.
    ColourWheel,
    /// On-canvas crop and straighten handles. Parameters are the four crop
    /// edges as fractions, and the straighten angle.
    CropOverlay,
    /// On-canvas placement of a linear or radial mask.
    GradientHandle,
    /// On-canvas brush strokes.
    BrushMask,
    /// An eyedropper bound to the canvas, setting white balance from a pixel.
    WhitePoint,
}

impl WidgetKind {
    /// TRACES: FR-UI-7
    /// Whether this widget is manipulated on the photograph rather than in a
    /// panel.
    ///
    /// A property of the widget itself, not of the screen: a crop is dragged
    /// on the image wherever the image is, and that is true of a phone and a
    /// workstation alike. Where the panel then *puts* the affordance that
    /// turns it on, and how large its handles are, stay frontend decisions
    /// (ARCH §4.3a).
    pub fn is_on_canvas(self) -> bool {
        matches!(
            self,
            Self::CropOverlay | Self::GradientHandle | Self::BrushMask | Self::WhitePoint
        )
    }
}

/// TRACES: FR-DEV-3a
/// What a widget inherently needs in order to be usable.
///
/// **Demands describe the control, not the screen** (ARCH §4.3a). A curve
/// needs two-dimensional pointing and a certain amount of room to be worth
/// drawing at all; those are facts about curves. Whether *this* window has
/// that room, at what breakpoint, on what platform, is the frontend's
/// question, and a demand carrying pixels or a platform name would be the core
/// answering it — a core that reasons about pixels will eventually be wrong
/// about a display it never saw.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
pub struct WidgetDemand {
    /// Needs the value to be dragged in two dimensions at once. A frontend
    /// with only a keyboard, or a strictly linear input, should skip it.
    pub two_dimensional: bool,
    /// Needs pointing accurate to a small fraction of the control. A frontend
    /// driving a television with a remote should skip it; touch is fine, since
    /// hit regions grow to the modality (FR-UI-7).
    pub precise_pointing: bool,
}

/// The shape of a parameter's value.
///
/// **Every variant is carried as an `f32`.** That is not an implementation
/// detail to be tidied away later — it is what lets one storage path serve
/// every parameter: the sidecar writes a number, the uniform block takes a
/// number, and `set_param` is one function rather than one per shape. A
/// variant that needed a richer value would reach through all three, which is
/// why a colour is a [`WidgetKind::ColourWheel`] over three scalars rather
/// than a kind of its own.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum ParamKind {
    Scalar {
        min: f32,
        max: f32,
        scale: Scale,
        unit: Unit,
        precision: u8,
    },
    Bool,
    /// TRACES: FR-DEV-3a
    /// One of a short, fixed list of named alternatives.
    ///
    /// The value is the chosen variant's **index**, held as an `f32` like
    /// everything else — small integers are exact in binary32, so this costs
    /// nothing in fidelity and keeps the parameter on the ordinary storage
    /// path.
    ///
    /// Distinct from a `Scalar` running 0..n because the numbers are not on a
    /// scale: interpolating between two of them is meaningless, dragging
    /// through them is not a gesture anyone wants, and the labels are the
    /// whole point. A UI that treated this as a scalar would render a slider
    /// reading "2" where the user needs to see "Bicubic".
    Enum {
        /// In index order. The label is a localisation key, resolved by the
        /// frontend — `core/` must not depend on a localiser (NFR-A11Y-1).
        variants: &'static [LocalizedKey],
    },
}

/// TRACES: FR-DEV-3a | FR-DEV-3b
/// How an operation would like its parameters presented.
///
/// A *hint*, never a requirement. An operation's parameters are always
/// individually addressable scalars; this only says that several of them
/// form one conceptual control, and which widget draws it best. A UI is free
/// to ignore it entirely and render plain sliders — the edit still works, it
/// is merely more tedious.
///
/// Sitting on the operation rather than on a parameter is what allows a
/// widget to span several parameters, which a curve necessarily does.
///
/// Declared through [`crate::Operation::presentation`] — a defaulted trait
/// method rather than a field on [`OpDescriptor`], so the great majority of
/// operations, which want plain sliders, say nothing at all.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct Presentation {
    /// Widgets that would draw these parameters, **in descending order of
    /// preference** (ARCH §4.3a).
    ///
    /// The frontend walks the list and takes the first it both implements and
    /// can afford. Falling off the end is not an error: every parameter
    /// remains an individually addressable scalar, so plain sliders are always
    /// the final fallback and the edit still works.
    ///
    /// A list rather than one kind because the alternatives are real. A colour
    /// grading operation is best as a wheel, acceptable as a hue-and-strength
    /// pair of sliders, and an operation that can say so gets a good control
    /// on a workstation and a usable one on a phone without the core knowing
    /// which it is talking to.
    pub widgets: &'static [WidgetKind],
    /// What the preferred widget needs in order to be worth drawing.
    ///
    /// Applies to the list as a whole rather than per entry: a frontend that
    /// cannot meet the demand skips to plain sliders, which is the same answer
    /// it gives for a widget it has not implemented.
    pub demand: WidgetDemand,
    /// The parameters these widgets own, in the order they expect them.
    ///
    /// Parameters absent from this list are presented normally, so an
    /// operation can pair a curve with an ordinary strength slider.
    pub params: &'static [ParamId],
}

impl Presentation {
    /// The first widget in the preference list that `supported` accepts.
    ///
    /// The walk lives here rather than in each frontend so that "first
    /// supported, else sliders" is written once and cannot drift between a
    /// desktop UI, a test harness and whatever consumes capabilities next.
    pub fn choose(&self, supported: impl Fn(WidgetKind) -> bool) -> Option<WidgetKind> {
        self.widgets.iter().copied().find(|w| supported(*w))
    }
}

/// TRACES: FR-DEV-3a
/// A parameter's place in an operation whose parameters form a grid.
///
/// Most operations are a short list of unrelated controls. A few are the
/// *same* control applied to a series of subjects: the colour mixer is twelve
/// hue bands times hue, saturation and luminance, and rendered as a flat list
/// of thirty-six it says none of that — the panel showed "Hue / Sat / Lum"
/// twelve times over with nothing naming the band.
///
/// So a parameter may say which **aspect** it adjusts and which **subject** it
/// adjusts it on. A UI is free to ignore both and render a flat list; nothing
/// becomes unreachable, it merely reads as thirty-six anonymous sliders again.
///
/// **Why this is not the core deciding presentation** (ARCH §4.3a). Which
/// band a parameter belongs to, and that its centre is at 30°, are facts about
/// what the operation *does* — the mixer genuinely weights pixels around 30°,
/// and that number is the one it weights around. What colour to draw from it,
/// at what saturation, whether to draw anything at all, and in what order to
/// stack the runs are all presentation, and stay in `dr-ui`. The line: a hue
/// in degrees is data; a hex colour in a descriptor would be the core choosing
/// appearance, and is forbidden.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
pub struct Facet {
    /// What this parameter adjusts. Parameters sharing an aspect are one
    /// control applied to different subjects.
    pub aspect: LocalizedKey,
    /// What it adjusts it on.
    pub subject: LocalizedKey,
    /// Where the subject sits on the hue wheel, in degrees, where the subject
    /// is a colour. `None` for one that is not.
    pub subject_hue: Option<f32>,
}

/// One parameter of an operation.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct ParamDescriptor {
    pub id: ParamId,
    pub label: LocalizedKey,
    pub kind: ParamKind,
    pub default: f32,
    /// Where this parameter sits among its siblings, for an operation whose
    /// parameters form a grid. `None` — the usual case — is a parameter that
    /// stands on its own.
    pub facet: Option<Facet>,
}

impl ParamDescriptor {
    /// A scalar in stops — the exposure-like controls.
    pub const fn stops(id: &'static str, label: &'static str, min: f32, max: f32) -> Self {
        Self {
            id: ParamId(id),
            label: LocalizedKey(label),
            kind: ParamKind::Scalar {
                min,
                max,
                scale: Scale::Linear,
                unit: Unit::Stops,
                precision: 2,
            },
            default: 0.0,
            facet: None,
        }
    }

    /// A symmetric −100…+100 control, the familiar shape for tone and colour
    /// adjustments. Neutral at zero, so a double-tap reset is meaningful.
    pub const fn amount(id: &'static str, label: &'static str) -> Self {
        Self {
            id: ParamId(id),
            label: LocalizedKey(label),
            kind: ParamKind::Scalar {
                min: -100.0,
                max: 100.0,
                scale: Scale::Linear,
                unit: Unit::None,
                precision: 0,
            },
            default: 0.0,
            facet: None,
        }
    }

    /// A toggle. Neutral when off, so the reset contract still holds.
    pub const fn switch(id: &'static str, label: &'static str) -> Self {
        Self {
            id: ParamId(id),
            label: LocalizedKey(label),
            kind: ParamKind::Bool,
            default: 0.0,
            facet: None,
        }
    }

    /// One of a fixed list of alternatives, defaulting to the first.
    ///
    /// The first rather than a caller-chosen index, so the reset contract
    /// holds the way it does for every other kind: index 0 is the neutral
    /// choice, and an operation whose default is not its first variant has
    /// listed them in the wrong order.
    pub const fn choice(
        id: &'static str,
        label: &'static str,
        variants: &'static [LocalizedKey],
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            id: ParamId(id),
            label: LocalizedKey(label),
            kind: ParamKind::Enum { variants },
            default: 0.0,
            facet: None,
        }
    }

    /// A 0…1 fraction — a proportion of something, rather than an amount.
    ///
    /// Its own constructor because the crop rect needs four of them and the
    /// default differs per edge: an origin starts at 0 and an extent at 1.
    /// Precision of 4 because at 6000px a step of 0.0001 is under a pixel,
    /// and a coarser one would make a crop edge unplaceable.
    pub const fn fraction(id: &'static str, label: &'static str, default: f32) -> Self {
        Self {
            id: ParamId(id),
            label: LocalizedKey(label),
            kind: ParamKind::Scalar {
                min: 0.0,
                max: 1.0,
                scale: Scale::Linear,
                unit: Unit::None,
                precision: 4,
            },
            default,
            facet: None,
        }
    }

    /// A general scalar with an explicit range and default.
    //
    // Eight arguments, and a builder would be the usual answer — but this has
    // to be `const` so descriptors can be `static`, which rules out the
    // `&mut self` builder the pattern usually takes. (A `self`-by-value step
    // *is* const-callable — `faceted` below is one — but eight of them would
    // be eight methods to say what one call already says.) The two common
    // shapes have their own constructors above; this is the escape hatch for
    // the rest.
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub const fn scalar(
        id: &'static str,
        label: &'static str,
        min: f32,
        max: f32,
        default: f32,
        unit: Unit,
        scale: Scale,
        precision: u8,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            id: ParamId(id),
            label: LocalizedKey(label),
            kind: ParamKind::Scalar {
                min,
                max,
                scale,
                unit,
                precision,
            },
            default,
            facet: None,
        }
    }

    /// The same parameter, placed in its operation's grid.
    ///
    /// A method rather than a sixth constructor, because a facet is orthogonal
    /// to the shape of the value: a faceted parameter is still an amount, or
    /// still a scalar in stops, and pairing every constructor with a faceted
    /// twin would double the list above to say one thing. Taking `self` by
    /// value is what keeps it usable in the `static` descriptors — a `&mut
    /// self` builder is what cannot be `const`.
    pub const fn faceted(mut self, facet: Facet) -> Self {
        self.facet = Some(facet);
        self
    }

    /// Clamp a value into this parameter's declared range.
    ///
    /// Applied before the value reaches a shader: a slider dragged past its
    /// bounds, or a sidecar written by a newer version with a wider range,
    /// must not produce out-of-range uniforms.
    pub fn clamp(&self, value: f32) -> f32 {
        match self.kind {
            ParamKind::Scalar { min, max, .. } => {
                if value.is_finite() {
                    value.clamp(min, max)
                } else {
                    // A NaN from a corrupt sidecar would otherwise poison the
                    // uniform block and blank the image.
                    self.default
                }
            }
            ParamKind::Bool => {
                if value != 0.0 {
                    1.0
                } else {
                    0.0
                }
            }
            // Rounded before clamping, because the value arriving here is an
            // `f32` that has been through a sidecar and possibly a slider: an
            // index of 1.9999 is variant 2, and truncating it to 1 would
            // silently select the wrong option. A non-finite index falls back
            // to the default for the same reason a scalar does.
            ParamKind::Enum { variants } => {
                if value.is_finite() {
                    let last = variants.len().saturating_sub(1) as f32;
                    value.round().clamp(0.0, last)
                } else {
                    self.default
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/// What an operation *is about*.
///
/// A statement of the operation's nature, in the same category as
/// [`ParamKind`]: the core saying what a thing is, not where it is drawn. A
/// frontend may render these as tabs, as section headings, as a filter, or
/// ignore them entirely — that choice is composition and belongs to whoever
/// knows the window (ARCH §4.3a).
///
/// # Why the core may say this at all
///
/// The line §4.3a draws is between *what a thing is* and *what is drawn,
/// where it sits, how wide it is, and whether it is visible*. "White balance
/// is a colour operation" is the first kind. It is also knowledge the core is
/// uniquely placed to hold: the person adding an operation knows what it does,
/// and a frontend that had to work it out would be doing so by matching on the
/// operation's name — which is the one thing `ui/` may never do (FR-DEV-3a).
///
/// What this deliberately is **not** is a tab name. There is no `Attribute`
/// for "the third tab", the order below is declaration order rather than
/// screen order, and an operation carrying two attributes appears wherever the
/// frontend decides that means — twice, once, or nowhere.
///
/// # Plural on purpose
///
/// An operation may carry several. The tone curve is genuinely both tonal and
/// chromatic — it has an RGB curve and per-channel curves — and forcing it to
/// pick one would file it away from half the people looking for it.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub enum Attribute {
    /// Lightness and its distribution: exposure, contrast, the recovery
    /// controls, the tone curve.
    Tone,
    /// Hue and saturation: white balance, the colour mixer, vibrance.
    Colour,
    /// Acutance and noise — what the image is made of at the pixel level.
    /// Sharpening, noise reduction, texture, clarity.
    Detail,
    /// Corrections for the lens that took the photograph: distortion,
    /// chromatic aberration, vignetting.
    Optics,
    /// The shape of the frame: crop, straighten, rotation, flips.
    Geometry,
    /// Applied rather than corrected — a look, not a fix.
    Effect,
}

impl Attribute {
    /// Every attribute, in declaration order.
    ///
    /// Declaration order is roughly the order a photographer works in, which
    /// makes it a reasonable *default* for a frontend that wants one. It is
    /// not a screen order: nothing here obliges a frontend to show them all,
    /// show them in this sequence, or show them at all.
    pub const ALL: [Attribute; 6] = [
        Attribute::Tone,
        Attribute::Colour,
        Attribute::Detail,
        Attribute::Optics,
        Attribute::Geometry,
        Attribute::Effect,
    ];

    /// The localisation key naming this concept.
    ///
    /// Naming the concept, the way an operation's own `label` names the
    /// operation. What a frontend *does* with the name — a tab, a heading,
    /// nothing — is still its own affair.
    pub fn label(self) -> LocalizedKey {
        LocalizedKey(match self {
            Self::Tone => "attr.tone",
            Self::Colour => "attr.colour",
            Self::Detail => "attr.detail",
            Self::Optics => "attr.optics",
            Self::Geometry => "attr.geometry",
            Self::Effect => "attr.effect",
        })
    }

    /// Parse the name used in `ops/<id>.yaml`.
    pub fn from_name(name: &str) -> Option<Self> {
        Some(match name {
            "tone" => Self::Tone,
            "colour" => Self::Colour,
            "detail" => Self::Detail,
            "optics" => Self::Optics,
            "geometry" => Self::Geometry,
            "effect" => Self::Effect,
            _ => return None,
        })
    }
}

/// The static description of an operation.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct OpDescriptor {
    pub id: OpId,
    pub label: LocalizedKey,
    pub params: &'static [ParamDescriptor],
    /// What this operation is about (ARCH §4.3a).
    ///
    /// **Never empty**, and `build.rs` refuses to generate an operation that
    /// declares none. An operation with no attribute would be invisible to a
    /// frontend that filters by them, and a control that silently does not
    /// exist is a worse failure than a build that stops — particularly when
    /// the cause would be a missing line in a YAML file nobody looked at.
    pub attributes: &'static [Attribute],
}

impl OpDescriptor {
    pub fn param(&self, id: ParamId) -> Option<&ParamDescriptor> {
        self.params.iter().find(|p| p.id == id)
    }

    /// Whether this operation is about `attribute`.
    pub fn has(&self, attribute: Attribute) -> bool {
        self.attributes.contains(&attribute)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    const P: ParamDescriptor = ParamDescriptor::amount("test", "test.label");

    #[test]
    fn values_clamp_into_range() {
        assert_eq!(P.clamp(150.0), 100.0);
        assert_eq!(P.clamp(-150.0), -100.0);
        assert_eq!(P.clamp(42.0), 42.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_nan_falls_back_to_the_default_rather_than_poisoning_the_uniform() {
        // A corrupt sidecar must not blank the image: one NaN in a uniform
        // block propagates through every pixel.
        assert_eq!(P.clamp(f32::NAN), P.default);
        assert_eq!(P.clamp(f32::INFINITY), P.default);
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_parameter_stands_alone_unless_it_says_otherwise() {
        // The default has to be "no grid": every operation but the mixer is a
        // short list of unrelated controls, and one that accidentally claimed
        // a facet would have its panel section split under a heading it never
        // asked for.
        assert!(P.facet.is_none());
        assert!(ParamDescriptor::switch("s", "s").facet.is_none());

        let faceted = P.faceted(Facet {
            aspect: LocalizedKey("param.channel.sat"),
            subject: LocalizedKey("band.orange"),
            subject_hue: Some(30.0),
        });
        // Placing a parameter in a grid must not change what the parameter
        // *is* — the value it carries, its range and its default are the same
        // either way.
        assert_eq!(faceted.kind, P.kind);
        assert_eq!(faceted.default, P.default);
        assert_eq!(faceted.facet.unwrap().subject_hue, Some(30.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn amount_controls_are_neutral_at_zero() {
        // Double-tap-to-reset and "is this op doing anything" both depend on
        // neutral being zero.
        assert_eq!(P.default, 0.0);
    }
}