# Camera profiles — DCP tables on top of the matrix

Design for the deferred half of **FR-DEV-3e** ([requirements.md](requirements.md)): the
`HueSatMap` and `LookTable` of a DNG camera profile, read from the DNG that carries one or from a
`.dcp` file, and applied after the matrix. Draft of 2026-10-02, recorded as **D20**.

---

## 1. What we are matching

Lightroom renders a raw through a *profile* before any slider moves. A profile is the matrix
DarkRoom already applies, plus two lookup tables indexed by hue, saturation and value:

- **`ProfileHueSatMap`** — a calibration. It corrects what a 3×3 cannot: a sensor whose reds and
  oranges sit in the wrong place relative to its blues, which no linear map fixes. Two copies, one
  per calibration illuminant, interpolated like the matrices.
- **`ProfileLookTable`** — a rendering intent: hue shifts of up to ±18° by hue, and saturation
  and value scales that vary with brightness. The difference between Adobe Standard, Adobe Color
  and Adobe Vivid is largely this table, together with each profile's tone curve.

Without them a raw renders through the matrix alone, which is accurate on a ColorChecker and is
not what Lightroom showed for the same file.

**What the tables do *not* do is make a photograph more saturated.** Measured after the build
(2026-10-02), on four of the library's 6D DNGs rendered at defaults: Adobe Standard's tables
*lower* mean saturation by 3–9 %, and the look at 200 % lowers it further. The 6D's look table
scales saturation by 0.925 in its darkest value rows and by 1.0 from about a fifth of full scale
up, and its HueSatMap adds about 1 %. Adobe Standard was tuned to sit under Camera Raw's default
RGB tone curve, which raises saturation in the shadows and midtones, and the look's dark-tone
desaturation offsets it. Without that curve (§6) the offset is all that is left. On `_MG_9080`, Lightroom 6's own preview
measures 0.49 mean HSV saturation; the matrix alone renders 0.38, Adobe Standard's tables 0.35.
That preview also carries whatever was edited in Lightroom, so it is not a clean reference — but
the direction is unambiguous: **the gap to Lightroom's colour is mostly tone, not the profile's
tables.** The tables still matter for hue: they are what puts each body's reds, skin and foliage
where Adobe put them.

**What the library holds** (catalog of 2026-10-02): 17,286 of its raws are Canon EOS 6D. The
9,348 DNGs were written by Lightroom 6.14 and every one sampled embeds *Adobe Standard* with both
tables — `HueSatMapDims 90 30 1`, `LookTableDims 36 8 16`, `ProfileEmbedPolicy 0` ("allow
copying"), no `ProfileToneCurve`. The 7,938 CR2s from the same body carry no profile. So the
tables Lightroom used are already on disk for half the library, and their licence lets them be
applied to the other half.

## 2. The model, as the DNG specification states it

Each table is a grid of `(hueShift°, satScale, valScale)` triples over HSV, stored with
saturation varying fastest, then hue, then value:

```
index = v · (hueDivs · satDivs) + h · satDivs + s
```

Lookup follows the DNG SDK's `RefBaselineHueSatMap`:

- **HSV** is the SDK's: `v = max(r,g,b)`, `s = (v − min)/v`, `h ∈ [0, 6)` from which channel
  leads. Grey has `s = 0` and is untouched by construction.
- **Hue wraps**: `hueDivs` samples over 360°, the last interpolating to the first.
- **Saturation** samples `0..=1` at `satDivs` points; linear between.
- **Value** samples `0..=1` at `valDivs` points when `valDivs > 1`; a table with `valDivs = 1` is
  "2.5-D" and ignores value. `ProfileHueSatMapEncoding` / `ProfileLookTableEncoding` = 1 means the
  value axis is indexed by the sRGB-encoded value; 0 (the default, and the 6D's) means linear.
- **Apply**: `h += hueShift · 6/360`, `s = min(s · satScale, 1)`, `v ·= valScale`; back to RGB.
- **Space**: linear ProPhoto (ROMM) primaries, D50 white — the space the forward matrix lands in.
- **Two illuminants**: `HueSatMapData1/2` are interpolated entry by entry, with the same mired
  weight the matrices use. `LookTable` is single.

Two departures, both forced by D19's unbounded scene-linear values (the SDK runs these on `[0, 1]`):

1. **Value is not clamped.** The SDK writes `min(v · valScale, 1)`; here `v · valScale`, unbounded.
   For lookup only, the value axis reads `min(v, 1)`, so a highlight above 1.0 uses the table's
   brightest row. Where the encoding is sRGB the scale is defined on the encoded value; it is
   applied as the ratio `decode(enc(v′)·valScale)/v′` at `v′ = min(v, 1)`, so a value above 1.0
   gets the brightest row's ratio rather than a clip.
2. **A colour outside ProPhoto passes through.** A negative component has no SDK HSV. Such a
   colour is outside every surface colour a camera records under normal light. It is left
   unmodified rather than floored, because flooring it clips a value D19 says nothing may clip.

## 3. Where it sits

```
… camera matrix ─► vignetting(5) ─► exposure(20) ─► camera_profile(25) ─► contrast(30) ─► … ─► view transform
                                                     │
                              working → ProPhoto ─► HueSatMap ─► LookTable ─► ProPhoto → working
```

**A scene operation at order 25, not part of the matrix snippet.** Three reasons:

- **The matrix stays what it is.** `cam_to_srgb` is unchanged and still runs where D19 put it, and
  so does every reader of it: the mask pass's copy, the white-balance picker's, the camera-space
  tap. The tables add a conversion into ProPhoto and back *inside* their own fragment, through two
  constant matrices (§3.1). A photograph with no profile composes exactly the shader it does today.
- **It commutes with what runs before it.** HSV hue and saturation are invariant under a uniform
  gain, and vignetting and exposure are uniform gains. So a 2.5-D table — every Adobe HueSatMap
  seen, and the 6D's — gives the same answer before or after them. That lets one position serve
  both tables, which is where the second reason matters:
- **The look sees exposure.** The SDK applies `LookTable` after its exposure ramp, so a look that
  desaturates highlights finds the highlights the photographer chose. At 25 it does too. Contrast,
  tone and the colour controls come after it, as they do in Camera Raw.

**Tables are per source, like the matrix.** They are decoded with the raw, interpolated once at
decode (the HueSatMap blend uses the as-shot neutral, as the matrix does) and carried on
`DemosaicedImage` next to `color_matrix`. `dr-gpu` uploads them to a storage buffer at
`@binding(8)` and writes their dimensions into the base uniform block. Every render path that
reaches `AdjustPass` therefore gets them without being told: develop, export, previews, the tablet.
A path that had to call a setter on the graph would be a path that one day forgot to, and an export
that differed from the screen would be the result.

### 3.1 The two constants

`P⁻¹` is `ColourSpace::ProPhoto.from_linear_srgb()` — the conversion `dr-types` already derives
from the two spaces' chromaticities, adapting D65 to D50 by Bradford, which the export path uses to
write ProPhoto files — and `P` is its inverse. The fragment uses `P⁻¹` going in and `P` coming
out. Each row of both is scaled to sum to one, so working-space white is ProPhoto white exactly and
a neutral reaches the tables at `s = 0`. For a profile with forward matrices this recovers the
SDK's ProPhoto colour to within the difference between that derivation and `forward_to_srgb`'s
published Bradford constants, which is rounding.

## 4. Where a profile comes from

In this order, first match wins:

1. **The profile embedded in the DNG being opened.** It is what the file says, and it was made for
   the matrices the file carries. Read from the root IFD through rawler's parsed `IFD`, as
   `read_dng_matrices` already reads the forward matrices — no second TIFF parser.
2. **A `.dcp` in the profiles directory** whose `UniqueCameraModel` matches the body — compared
   case-insensitively against the DNG's `UniqueCameraModel` where there is one, and against
   `make + " " + model` otherwise ("Canon EOS 6D"). A DCP is a whole profile: its matrices replace
   the file's, because its tables were built against its forward matrix. The file's as-shot neutral
   is kept. If several match, the first by file name wins, so the choice is stable.
3. **None.** The matrix alone, as today.

The profiles directory is `profiles/` under the platform data directory (`dr_plat::dirs`), loaded
once per process. A DCP is a TIFF with the magic `IIRC` (0x4352) in place of 42; rawler's
`GenericTiffReader` already accepts it.

**Copying an embedded profile out.** A DNG whose profile has `ProfileEmbedPolicy` 0 ("allow
copying") or 3 ("no restrictions") can have that profile saved as a `.dcp` into the profiles
directory. That is how the 6D's CR2s get Adobe Standard: open a 6D DNG, choose *Use this profile
for every Canon EOS 6D*. Policies 1 ("embed if used") and 2 ("embed never") offer no such action.
The written file carries the profile's name, copyright and policy unchanged.

**Nothing is shipped.** Adobe's profiles are Adobe's; the application ships no `.dcp` and copies
none on its own. A profile reaches the directory because the photographer put it there or asked
for it to be copied from their own file.

## 5. The control

A develop operation, `camera_profile`, `[colour]`, order 25, hand-written (`rust:`) because it
reads a buffer no declaration can name:

| Parameter | Kind | Default | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| `apply` | Bool | on | Use the profile's tables, or the matrix alone |
| `look` | Scalar 0–200 | 100 | Strength of the `LookTable`, as Lightroom's *Amount* |

`look` scales the look's deltas: `hueShift · a`, `1 + (satScale − 1)·a`, `1 + (valScale − 1)·a`,
with `a = look/100`, scales floored at 0. At 200 the look is twice as strong, which is the
"more vivid than Adobe Standard" this started from. The HueSatMap is a calibration and is not
scaled: `apply` is its only switch.

**Always composed while `apply` is on**, as the view transform is: a profile at its defaults *is*
the rendering, not an edit, so an untouched photograph writes no parameters and still renders
through its profile. The fragment branches on the uniform that says whether the source has tables,
so a JPEG, or a raw with none, pays one uniform read. The branch is uniform across the dispatch.

**Mask layers.** A layer may offset `look` (blended as a setting, which is linear) but not `apply`;
the photograph has one profile.

**The panel says which profile is in use**, as the lens line does: *Adobe Standard (in the file)*,
*Adobe Standard (Canon EOS 6D.dcp)*, or *No profile for this camera — matrix only*. The copy-out
action sits on that line.

## 6. Not done, and why

- **`ProfileToneCurve` is read and ignored.** D19 gives tone to the view transform, one for every
  body, and rejected per-body curves as its defaults. A profile's curve is a per-body curve. If it
  comes back, it comes back as an option of the view transform, not as a stage here. The 6D's
  Adobe Standard has none, so the case that matters today loses nothing.
- **`BaselineExposure` is not applied** (it is not today either). Adobe Standard was tuned with it,
  and the 6D's is +0.25 EV. Separate change; it moves every photograph's brightness.
- **The interpolation follows the as-shot neutral, not the white-balance slider**, as the matrix
  does. Camera Raw re-blends on every temperature change; doing so here means the matrix moves too,
  which is its own change.
- **Masks select on the matrix's colour.** A colour-range mask sees colour before the profile, as
  it sees colour before every other operation. Deterministic, and a mask is drawn on the picture
  the user sees only approximately anyway.
- **The profiles directory does not sync.** A CR2 rendered on a desktop with a copied 6D profile
  and on a tablet without one will differ. The panel line says which profile each device used, so
  the difference is visible rather than silent. Syncing the directory with the library is the
  follow-up.
- **Rec.2020 working primaries** stay deferred (D19); nothing here depends on them.

## 7. What it costs

- **Every DNG with an embedded profile renders differently** — more saturated, which is the point.
  Previews rendered before the change keep the old look until rendered again, as with D19.
- **Tablet and desktop must be released together.** No schema change, and the sidecar gains only
  ordinary parameters, but two builds render the same DNG differently.
- **One storage-buffer binding** in every generated shader's layout (a one-entry placeholder when
  there are no tables), and two vec4 slots in the base uniform block.
- **Per pixel**: two 3×3 multiplies, two HSV round trips, and 4 + 8 buffer reads (bilinear
  HueSatMap, trilinear LookTable). Small next to the fused pass it joins.

## 8. Acceptance

- **Parsing.** The 6D DNG's embedded profile parses to `90×30×1` and `36×8×16`, its policy to 0,
  its name to "Adobe Standard"; a `.dcp` written from it parses back to the same tables bit for
  bit.
- **The CPU reference matches the SDK's algorithm**: grey passes through; a table of
  `(0°, 1, 1)` everywhere is the identity to 1e-6; a uniform `satScale` of 1.2 scales HSV
  saturation by 1.2; hue interpolation wraps between the last and first column.
- **The shader agrees with the CPU reference** on a device, within two 8-bit codes of the
  display-encoded readback (the only readback the adjust pass has), over 256 colours that tables
  of tens of degrees and ±30 % saturation move, and over the library's real Adobe Standard tables
  (`dr-gpu/tests/camera_profile.rs`).
- **Scene-referred.** A value above 1.0 leaves the stage above 1.0 (`scene_referred_until_the_view`
  covers the operation).
- **Neutral.** `apply` off renders to the bit what a source with no tables renders.
- **Two illuminants.** A HueSatMap at blend weight 0 is Data1, at 1 is Data2.
- **Matching.** An embedded profile beats a directory one; a DCP for "Canon EOS 6D" matches a CR2
  whose rawler make/model is "Canon"/"EOS 6D"; no match leaves the matrix.
- **Subjective.** A 6D DNG rendered here at defaults is visibly closer to the same file in
  Lightroom 6 with Adobe Standard than the matrix-only render, side by side.

## 9. Vivid presets

Independent of the tables, and — given §1's measurement — the part of this change that actually
answers "more colourful". Shipped in the same change: a *Vivid* section of read-only presets
(`presets/vivid.drpl`) for the "more colourful than the default" request. They use only operations
every photograph has — vibrance, saturation, the colour mixer, colour grading, contrast — so they
work on JPEGs and on bodies with no profile, and change only what they name (FR-DEV-6):

- **Vivid** — vibrance and a little saturation and contrast: the general-purpose one.
- **Vivid, strong** — the same, pushed, with deeper blacks.
- **Vivid landscape** — greens, blues and azure skies, skin bands left alone.
- **Vivid warm** — oranges and yellows up, a warm highlight cast: golden hour.
- **Vivid portrait** — vibrance (which protects skin) with the orange and red bands held back.

Measured on `_MG_9080` (mean HSV saturation; Lightroom's preview 0.49, DarkRoom's default 0.35):
Vivid 0.40, Vivid strong 0.44, Vivid landscape 0.46, Vivid warm 0.38, Vivid portrait 0.37 — the
last two move particular bands, not the whole frame. Rendered with `cargo run --release -p dr-gpu
--example develop -- FILE.dng out.ppm "preset:Vivid"`.

They are bounded by the existing `bundled.rs` tests: every key names a real parameter, every value
is inside its control's range, and every preset changes something.

## 10. Build order

1. `dr-decode`: parse the tables (embedded and `.dcp`), the profiles directory, matching, blending,
   the `.dcp` writer. CPU reference of the lookup. Unit tests against the library's 6D DNG,
   skipped when it is absent.
2. `dr-pipeline`: the `camera_profile` operation, the base-block slots, `@binding(8)`, the WGSL
   lookup; composition tests.
3. `dr-gpu`: carry the tables on `DemosaicedImage`, upload and bind them; the shader-versus-CPU
   test on a device.
4. `dr-ui`: profile line, copy-out action, labels; the profiles directory set at start-up on
   desktop and Android.
5. The *Vivid* presets.