DarkRoom/core/dr-export/src/lib.rs

//! TRACES: FR-EXP-1 | FR-EXP-2 | FR-EXP-3 | FR-EXP-4 | FR-EXP-6 | FR-EXP-9
//! Turning a rendered frame into a file's worth of bytes.
//!
//! # What this crate is, and is not
//!
//! It is: resize, output sharpening, encode, and the name the result should
//! be given. It is not: a filesystem, a network client, or a job queue.
//! [`export`] returns [`Encoded`] — bytes and a filename — and the caller
//! decides where that lands.
//!
//! That boundary is not fastidiousness. An export has three possible
//! destinations and they have nothing in common: a path on Linux, a Storage
//! Access Framework document on Android where there *is* no path
//! (ARCH §6.9), and a `PUT` to a Nextcloud folder. A crate that wrote the
//! file itself would serve one of them and be rewritten for the other two.
//!
//! # Order of operations
//!
//! Resize, then sharpen, then encode. Sharpening after the resize is the
//! whole point of output sharpening (FR-EXP-4): it compensates for the
//! softening the resample introduced, so its strength has to scale with how
//! much scaling actually happened. Sharpening first and then shrinking would
//! throw the sharpened detail away.

use dr_types::{ColourSpace, ExportFormat, ExportSettings};

mod encode;
mod error;
mod exif;
pub mod icc;
mod metadata;
mod name;
mod sharpen;
mod size;

pub use error::ExportError;
pub use metadata::SourceMetadata;
pub use name::{resolve_name, NameContext};
pub use size::target_size;

/// A rendered frame, as the adjust pass produced it.
///
/// 8-bit RGBA, display-encoded in [`Self::space`] — the format
/// [`dr_gpu::AdjustPass`](../dr_gpu/struct.AdjustPass.html) writes. Alpha is
/// carried but never meaningful: the pipeline writes 1.0 everywhere, and no
/// operation produces transparency.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Frame {
    pub width: u32,
    pub height: u32,
    /// Tightly packed RGBA8, `width * height * 4` bytes.
    pub rgba: Vec<u8>,
    /// TRACES: FR-EXP-2
    /// The space the shader encoded these pixels into.
    ///
    /// Travels with the pixels rather than being asserted at the point of
    /// encoding, because it is a fact about them and not a preference. The
    /// conversion happened in the generated shader, before the clip to 0..1,
    /// and nothing downstream can undo or redo it — a frame clipped to sRGB
    /// has already lost whatever a wider space would have carried.
    ///
    /// Making it a field is what lets [`export`] refuse to label a frame as
    /// something it is not, rather than trusting a caller to have rendered
    /// what it asked for.
    pub space: ColourSpace,
}

impl Frame {
    /// A frame the pipeline rendered in sRGB — what
    /// [`EditGraph::compose`](../dr_pipeline/struct.EditGraph.html#method.compose)
    /// produces, and so what the display path hands over.
    ///
    /// An export in a wider space must render its own frame with
    /// `compose_for` and declare it through [`Self::in_space`]. Defaulting
    /// here rather than demanding the space at every call site keeps the
    /// common case honest by construction: a caller that has not thought
    /// about colour is describing sRGB, and sRGB is what it rendered.
    pub fn new(width: u32, height: u32, rgba: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, ExportError> {
        Self::in_space(width, height, rgba, ColourSpace::Srgb)
    }

    /// A frame rendered into a stated colour space.
    pub fn in_space(
        width: u32,
        height: u32,
        rgba: Vec<u8>,
        space: ColourSpace,
    ) -> Result<Self, ExportError> {
        let expected = width as usize * height as usize * 4;
        if rgba.len() != expected {
            return Err(ExportError::FrameSize {
                expected,
                got: rgba.len(),
            });
        }
        if width == 0 || height == 0 {
            return Err(ExportError::EmptyFrame);
        }
        Ok(Self {
            width,
            height,
            rgba,
            space,
        })
    }
}

/// The finished article: what to write, and what to call it.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Encoded {
    /// Filename including extension. Never a path — the destination folder is
    /// the caller's, and on Android it is not expressible as one anyway.
    pub name: String,
    pub bytes: Vec<u8>,
    /// What the image was actually written at, after sizing and the upscaling
    /// guard. Worth reporting: a batch that silently exported at source size
    /// because the request was larger has done something the user should know.
    pub width: u32,
    pub height: u32,
}

/// Resize, sharpen and encode one frame.
///
/// `name` is the filename already resolved by [`resolve_name`] — passed in
/// rather than derived here because resolving it needs to know what is
/// already in the destination, which this crate cannot see.
///
/// TRACES: FR-EXP-9
/// The frame is expected to be a **full-resolution** render. Nothing here
/// enforces that, because nothing here can tell a full render from a
/// viewport-sized one; the caller renders at the framed output size and this
/// resamples down from it. Exporting from the display proxy would silently
/// produce a soft file, which is why the develop session's export path renders
/// its own frame rather than reusing the one on screen.
///
/// TRACES: FR-EXP-8
/// `source` is what the photograph's own file said about itself, or `None`
/// where the caller has nothing — a frame that came from somewhere other than
/// a decoded file, or a caller that has not yet been taught to pass it.
///
/// **A parameter rather than a field on [`Frame`]**, because it is not a fact
/// about the pixels: two exports of the same frame can legitimately disclose
/// different amounts, and the settings that decide how much travel beside it.
/// It is also why this is an argument and not an `Option` with a default — a
/// caller that has the source metadata should have to decide, in one visible
/// place, to hand it over.
pub fn export(
    frame: &Frame,
    settings: &ExportSettings,
    name: String,
    source: Option<&SourceMetadata>,
) -> Result<Encoded, ExportError> {
    // TRACES: FR-EXP-2
    // Refused rather than mislabelled. Every space the settings page offers
    // now works, but only if the *frame* was rendered into it: the conversion
    // and the clip both happen in the generated shader, so pixels that arrive
    // clipped to sRGB have already lost whatever a wider space would have
    // carried, and no amount of profile-writing here brings it back.
    //
    // The caller's fix is to compose with `EditGraph::compose_for(space)`
    // before rendering. Until it does, this is an accurate error where the
    // alternative would be a file that claims a gamut it does not contain —
    // and that claim survives into everything downstream.
    if frame.space != settings.colour_space {
        return Err(ExportError::ColourSpaceMismatch {
            rendered: frame.space,
            requested: settings.colour_space,
        });
    }

    if matches!(settings.format, ExportFormat::Avif | ExportFormat::JpegXl) {
        return Err(ExportError::FormatUnsupported(settings.format));
    }

    let (width, height) = size::target_size(
        frame.width,
        frame.height,
        settings.sizing,
        settings.allow_upscaling,
    );

    let resized = size::resample(frame, width, height);

    // Scaled by how much the image actually shrank: a full-size export needs
    // no compensation, and a thumbnail needs a great deal.
    let scale = width as f32 / frame.width.max(1) as f32;
    let sharpened = sharpen::apply(resized, width, height, settings.sharpening, scale);

    let bytes = encode::encode(&sharpened, width, height, settings, source)?;

    Ok(Encoded {
        name,
        bytes,
        width,
        height,
    })
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use dr_types::SizingMode;

    /// A frame with a recognisable gradient, so a resample can be checked for
    /// having done something rather than merely returned the right length.
    pub(crate) fn frame(w: u32, h: u32) -> Frame {
        let mut rgba = Vec::with_capacity((w * h * 4) as usize);
        for y in 0..h {
            for x in 0..w {
                rgba.push((x * 255 / w.max(1)) as u8);
                rgba.push((y * 255 / h.max(1)) as u8);
                rgba.push(128);
                rgba.push(255);
            }
        }
        Frame::new(w, h, rgba).expect("well-formed")
    }

    fn settings(format: ExportFormat) -> ExportSettings {
        ExportSettings {
            format,
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_frame_rejects_a_buffer_of_the_wrong_length() {
        // The one error that would otherwise surface as a panic deep in an
        // encoder, or worse, as a file of garbage.
        assert!(matches!(
            Frame::new(4, 4, vec![0; 10]),
            Err(ExportError::FrameSize { .. })
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn jpeg_export_produces_a_jpeg() {
        let out = export(
            &frame(64, 48),
            &settings(ExportFormat::Jpeg),
            "a.jpg".into(),
            None,
        )
        .unwrap();
        // SOI marker. Cheap, and it catches an encoder wired to the wrong
        // format far more directly than a byte count would.
        assert_eq!(&out.bytes[..2], &[0xFF, 0xD8]);
        assert_eq!((out.width, out.height), (64, 48));
    }

    #[test]
    fn png_export_produces_a_png() {
        let out = export(
            &frame(32, 32),
            &settings(ExportFormat::Png),
            "a.png".into(),
            None,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(&out.bytes[..8], b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n");
    }

    #[test]
    fn tiff_exports_produce_a_tiff() {
        for format in [ExportFormat::Tiff8, ExportFormat::Tiff16] {
            let out = export(&frame(16, 16), &settings(format), "a.tif".into(), None).unwrap();
            // Either byte order is a valid TIFF; the crate writes little-endian.
            assert!(
                out.bytes.starts_with(b"II*\0") || out.bytes.starts_with(b"MM\0*"),
                "{format:?} did not produce a TIFF header"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_sixteen_bit_tiff_is_larger_than_an_eight_bit_one() {
        // Both are uncompressed RGB; the only difference is the sample width,
        // so this is what proves the 16-bit path is not quietly writing 8.
        let eight = export(
            &frame(16, 16),
            &settings(ExportFormat::Tiff8),
            "a".into(),
            None,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let sixteen = export(
            &frame(16, 16),
            &settings(ExportFormat::Tiff16),
            "a".into(),
            None,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(sixteen.bytes.len() > eight.bytes.len());
    }

    #[test]
    fn quality_changes_the_size_of_a_jpeg() {
        // The setting is plumbed all the way to the encoder rather than
        // accepted and dropped, which a size-independent output would show.
        let mut low = settings(ExportFormat::Jpeg);
        low.quality = 20;
        let mut high = settings(ExportFormat::Jpeg);
        high.quality = 98;

        let small = export(&frame(128, 128), &low, "a".into(), None).unwrap();
        let large = export(&frame(128, 128), &high, "a".into(), None).unwrap();
        assert!(
            large.bytes.len() > small.bytes.len(),
            "quality 98 produced {} bytes against quality 20's {}",
            large.bytes.len(),
            small.bytes.len()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_long_edge_export_lands_on_the_requested_size() {
        let mut s = settings(ExportFormat::Png);
        s.sizing = SizingMode::LongEdge(32);
        let out = export(&frame(128, 64), &s, "a".into(), None).unwrap();
        assert_eq!((out.width, out.height), (32, 16));
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_frame_rendered_in_one_space_is_not_labelled_another() {
        // A file tagged Display P3 carrying sRGB-clipped pixels is a lie that
        // survives into everything downstream. The frame carries the space it
        // was rendered in precisely so this cannot be waved through.
        let mut s = settings(ExportFormat::Jpeg);
        s.colour_space = ColourSpace::DisplayP3;
        assert!(matches!(
            export(&frame(8, 8), &s, "a".into(), None),
            Err(ExportError::ColourSpaceMismatch { .. })
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn every_colour_space_exports_when_the_frame_was_rendered_in_it() {
        // The other side of the refusal above, and what FR-EXP-2 actually
        // asks for: a frame the pipeline encoded into a wide space reaches a
        // file, in every format that has an encoder.
        for space in ColourSpace::ALL {
            for format in [
                ExportFormat::Jpeg,
                ExportFormat::Png,
                ExportFormat::Tiff8,
                ExportFormat::Tiff16,
            ] {
                let mut s = settings(format);
                s.colour_space = space;
                let mut f = frame(8, 8);
                f.space = space;
                let out = export(&f, &s, "a".into(), None)
                    .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{space:?} as {format:?}: {e}"));
                assert!(!out.bytes.is_empty());
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_formats_without_an_encoder_say_so() {
        for format in [ExportFormat::Avif, ExportFormat::JpegXl] {
            assert!(
                matches!(
                    export(&frame(8, 8), &settings(format), "a".into(), None),
                    Err(ExportError::FormatUnsupported(_))
                ),
                "{format:?} should report that it has no encoder yet"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn every_offered_format_either_encodes_or_explains_itself() {
        // Walks `ExportFormat::ALL`, so a format added to the settings page
        // cannot quietly reach an encoder that does not handle it.
        for format in ExportFormat::ALL {
            match export(&frame(8, 8), &settings(format), "a".into(), None) {
                Ok(out) => assert!(!out.bytes.is_empty(), "{format:?} encoded to nothing"),
                Err(ExportError::FormatUnsupported(f)) => assert_eq!(f, format),
                Err(e) => panic!("{format:?} failed unexpectedly: {e}"),
            }
        }
    }
}