diff --git a/include/kpn/python/auto_bind.hpp b/include/kpn/python/auto_bind.hpp
index 12a8bd1..79f9d71 100644
--- a/include/kpn/python/auto_bind.hpp
+++ b/include/kpn/python/auto_bind.hpp
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ void bind_network(nb::module_& m) {
 
     nb::class_<IVariantNode<Variant>>(m, "INode");
 
-    nb::class_<Net>(m, "Network")
+    nb::class_<Net>(m, "Network", nb::type_slots(network_type_slots<Variant>()))
         .def("__init__", [](Net* self) {
             new (self) Net();
             register_all_converters<Registry>(*self);
diff --git a/include/kpn/python/bindings.hpp b/include/kpn/python/bindings.hpp
index 57554e9..0a31bfe 100644
--- a/include/kpn/python/bindings.hpp
+++ b/include/kpn/python/bindings.hpp
@@ -35,6 +35,16 @@ public:
     using VNode    = IVariantNode<Variant>;
     using VChannel = IVariantChannel<Variant>;
 
+    // ── GC support ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    // Visit every Python object this network transitively holds (currently the
+    // callable of each PyNode). Used by the Network type's tp_traverse slot so
+    // Python's cyclic GC can discover instance → callable → globals() cycles.
+    // Defined out-of-line below, once PyNode is a complete type.
+    template<typename Fn>
+    void visit_python_objects(Fn&& visit) const;
+    // Drop all Python references held by nodes, breaking any cycle (tp_clear).
+    void clear_python_objects();
+
     // ── Builder API ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     void add(std::string name, std::shared_ptr<VNode> node) {
@@ -367,6 +377,14 @@ public:
         out_channels_[i] = std::move(ch);
     }
 
+    // ── GC support (tp_traverse / tp_clear on the owning Network) ──────────────
+    // The node holds a Python callable, which typically forms an
+    // instance → callable → globals() → instance cycle. Expose the callable so
+    // the Network's GC slots can traverse and clear it. See bindings.hpp's
+    // network_tp_traverse/network_tp_clear.
+    const nb::object& python_callable() const { return callable_; }
+    void clear_python_callable() { callable_ = nb::object(); }
+
 private:
     void run_loop() {
         while (!stop_flag_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
@@ -439,6 +457,60 @@ private:
     NodeStats          stats_;
 };
 
+// ── PyNetwork GC helpers (defined here: PyNode is now complete) ────────────────
+
+template<typename Variant>
+template<typename Fn>
+void PyNetwork<Variant>::visit_python_objects(Fn&& visit) const {
+    for (const auto& [name, node] : nodes_)
+        if (auto* py = dynamic_cast<const PyNode<Variant>*>(node.get()))
+            visit(py->python_callable());
+}
+
+template<typename Variant>
+void PyNetwork<Variant>::clear_python_objects() {
+    for (auto& [name, node] : nodes_)
+        if (auto* py = dynamic_cast<PyNode<Variant>*>(node.get()))
+            py->clear_python_callable();
+}
+
+// ── GC type slots for the Network binding ─────────────────────────────────────
+// The Network holds Python callables (via PyNode), forming uncollectable
+// instance → callable → globals() → instance cycles at interpreter shutdown.
+// These slots let Python's cyclic collector traverse and break them, silencing
+// nanobind's leak warnings. See the nanobind "Reference leaks" documentation.
+
+template<typename Variant>
+int network_tp_traverse(PyObject* self, visitproc visit, void* arg) {
+    Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
+    if (!nb::inst_ready(self))
+        return 0;
+    auto* net = nb::inst_ptr<PyNetwork<Variant>>(self);
+    int rv = 0;
+    net->visit_python_objects([&](const nb::object& obj) {
+        if (rv == 0 && obj.is_valid())
+            rv = visit(obj.ptr(), arg);
+    });
+    return rv;
+}
+
+template<typename Variant>
+int network_tp_clear(PyObject* self) {
+    auto* net = nb::inst_ptr<PyNetwork<Variant>>(self);
+    net->clear_python_objects();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+template<typename Variant>
+PyType_Slot* network_type_slots() {
+    static PyType_Slot slots[] = {
+        { Py_tp_traverse, reinterpret_cast<void*>(&network_tp_traverse<Variant>) },
+        { Py_tp_clear,    reinterpret_cast<void*>(&network_tp_clear<Variant>) },
+        { 0, nullptr }
+    };
+    return slots;
+}
+
 // ── register_py_network (legacy helper) ───────────────────────────────────────
 // Registers PyNetwork<Variant> with the given nanobind module.
 // Prefer bind_network<Registry> from auto_bind.hpp for new code.
@@ -447,7 +519,7 @@ template<typename Variant>
 void register_py_network(nb::module_& m, const char* class_name = "Network") {
     using Net = PyNetwork<Variant>;
 
-    nb::class_<Net>(m, class_name)
+    nb::class_<Net>(m, class_name, nb::type_slots(network_type_slots<Variant>()))
         .def(nb::init<>())
         .def("connect", &Net::connect,
              nb::arg("src"), nb::arg("out_idx"),