diff --git a/tests/concrete/test_table_rendering.py b/tests/concrete/test_table_rendering.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fb1c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/concrete/test_table_rendering.py
@@ -0,0 +1,600 @@
+"""
+Tests for table rendering components.
+
+This module tests:
+- TableStyle: Styling configuration for tables
+- TableCellRenderer: Individual cell rendering
+- TableRowRenderer: Row rendering with multiple cells
+- TableRenderer: Complete table rendering
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
+from pyWebLayout.concrete.table import (
+    TableStyle,
+    TableCellRenderer,
+    TableRowRenderer,
+    TableRenderer
+)
+from pyWebLayout.abstract.block import (
+    Table, TableRow, TableCell, Paragraph, Heading, HeadingLevel,
+    Image as AbstractImage
+)
+from pyWebLayout.abstract.inline import Word
+from pyWebLayout.style import Font
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Fixtures
+# ============================================================================
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_font():
+    """Create a standard font for testing."""
+    return Font(font_size=12, colour=(0, 0, 0))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_canvas():
+    """Create a PIL canvas for rendering."""
+    return Image.new('RGB', (800, 600), color=(255, 255, 255))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_draw(sample_canvas):
+    """Create a PIL ImageDraw object."""
+    return ImageDraw.Draw(sample_canvas)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def default_table_style():
+    """Create default table style."""
+    return TableStyle()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def custom_table_style():
+    """Create custom table style."""
+    return TableStyle(
+        border_width=2,
+        border_color=(100, 100, 100),
+        cell_padding=(10, 10, 10, 10),
+        header_bg_color=(200, 200, 200),
+        cell_bg_color=(250, 250, 250),
+        alternate_row_color=(240, 240, 240),
+        cell_spacing=5
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def simple_table(sample_font):
+    """Create a simple table with header and body."""
+    table = Table()
+    table.caption = "Test Table"
+
+    # Header row
+    header_row = TableRow()
+    header_cell1 = TableCell(is_header=True)
+    header_p1 = Paragraph(sample_font)
+    header_p1.add_word(Word("Column", sample_font))
+    header_p1.add_word(Word("1", sample_font))
+    header_cell1.add_block(header_p1)
+
+    header_cell2 = TableCell(is_header=True)
+    header_p2 = Paragraph(sample_font)
+    header_p2.add_word(Word("Column", sample_font))
+    header_p2.add_word(Word("2", sample_font))
+    header_cell2.add_block(header_p2)
+
+    header_row.add_cell(header_cell1)
+    header_row.add_cell(header_cell2)
+    table.add_row(header_row, section="header")
+
+    # Body row
+    body_row = TableRow()
+    body_cell1 = TableCell()
+    body_p1 = Paragraph(sample_font)
+    body_p1.add_word(Word("Data", sample_font))
+    body_p1.add_word(Word("1", sample_font))
+    body_cell1.add_block(body_p1)
+
+    body_cell2 = TableCell()
+    body_p2 = Paragraph(sample_font)
+    body_p2.add_word(Word("Data", sample_font))
+    body_p2.add_word(Word("2", sample_font))
+    body_cell2.add_block(body_p2)
+
+    body_row.add_cell(body_cell1)
+    body_row.add_cell(body_cell2)
+    table.add_row(body_row, section="body")
+
+    return table
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# TableStyle Tests
+# ============================================================================
+
+class TestTableStyle:
+    """Tests for TableStyle dataclass."""
+
+    def test_default_initialization(self):
+        """Test TableStyle with default values."""
+        style = TableStyle()
+
+        assert style.border_width == 1
+        assert style.border_color == (0, 0, 0)
+        assert style.cell_padding == (5, 5, 5, 5)
+        assert style.header_bg_color == (240, 240, 240)
+        assert style.header_text_bold is True
+        assert style.cell_bg_color == (255, 255, 255)
+        assert style.alternate_row_color == (250, 250, 250)
+        assert style.cell_spacing == 0
+
+    def test_custom_initialization(self):
+        """Test TableStyle with custom values."""
+        style = TableStyle(
+            border_width=3,
+            border_color=(255, 0, 0),
+            cell_padding=(10, 15, 20, 25),
+            header_bg_color=(100, 100, 100),
+            header_text_bold=False,
+            cell_bg_color=(200, 200, 200),
+            alternate_row_color=None,
+            cell_spacing=10
+        )
+
+        assert style.border_width == 3
+        assert style.border_color == (255, 0, 0)
+        assert style.cell_padding == (10, 15, 20, 25)
+        assert style.header_bg_color == (100, 100, 100)
+        assert style.header_text_bold is False
+        assert style.cell_bg_color == (200, 200, 200)
+        assert style.alternate_row_color is None
+        assert style.cell_spacing == 10
+
+    def test_all_attributes_accessible(self, custom_table_style):
+        """Test that all style attributes are accessible."""
+        # Verify all attributes exist and are accessible
+        assert hasattr(custom_table_style, 'border_width')
+        assert hasattr(custom_table_style, 'border_color')
+        assert hasattr(custom_table_style, 'cell_padding')
+        assert hasattr(custom_table_style, 'header_bg_color')
+        assert hasattr(custom_table_style, 'header_text_bold')
+        assert hasattr(custom_table_style, 'cell_bg_color')
+        assert hasattr(custom_table_style, 'alternate_row_color')
+        assert hasattr(custom_table_style, 'cell_spacing')
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# TableCellRenderer Tests
+# ============================================================================
+
+class TestTableCellRenderer:
+    """Tests for TableCellRenderer."""
+
+    def test_initialization(self, sample_font, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test TableCellRenderer initialization."""
+        cell = TableCell()
+        cell_renderer = TableCellRenderer(
+            cell,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            size=(100, 50),
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style
+        )
+
+        assert cell_renderer._cell == cell
+        # Origin and size may be numpy arrays, so compare values
+        import numpy as np
+        assert np.array_equal(cell_renderer._origin, (10, 10))
+        assert np.array_equal(cell_renderer._size, (100, 50))
+        assert cell_renderer._draw == sample_draw
+        assert cell_renderer._style == default_table_style
+        assert cell_renderer._is_header_section is False
+
+    def test_initialization_with_header(self, sample_font, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test TableCellRenderer initialization for header cell."""
+        cell = TableCell(is_header=True)
+        cell_renderer = TableCellRenderer(
+            cell,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            size=(100, 50),
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style,
+            is_header_section=True
+        )
+
+        assert cell_renderer._is_header_section is True
+
+    def test_render_empty_cell(self, sample_font, sample_draw, sample_canvas, default_table_style):
+        """Test rendering an empty cell."""
+        cell = TableCell()
+        cell_renderer = TableCellRenderer(
+            cell,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            size=(100, 50),
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style,
+            canvas=sample_canvas
+        )
+
+        result = cell_renderer.render()
+        # Render returns None (draws directly on canvas)
+        assert result is None
+
+    def test_render_cell_with_text(self, sample_font, sample_draw, sample_canvas, default_table_style):
+        """Test rendering a cell with text content."""
+        cell = TableCell()
+        paragraph = Paragraph(sample_font)
+        paragraph.add_word(Word("Test", sample_font))
+        paragraph.add_word(Word("Content", sample_font))
+        cell.add_block(paragraph)
+
+        cell_renderer = TableCellRenderer(
+            cell,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            size=(200, 50),
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style,
+            canvas=sample_canvas
+        )
+
+        result = cell_renderer.render()
+        assert result is None
+
+    def test_render_header_cell(self, sample_font, sample_draw, sample_canvas, default_table_style):
+        """Test rendering a header cell with different styling."""
+        cell = TableCell(is_header=True)
+        paragraph = Paragraph(sample_font)
+        paragraph.add_word(Word("Header", sample_font))
+        cell.add_block(paragraph)
+
+        cell_renderer = TableCellRenderer(
+            cell,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            size=(200, 50),
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style,
+            is_header_section=True,
+            canvas=sample_canvas
+        )
+
+        result = cell_renderer.render()
+        assert result is None
+
+    def test_render_cell_with_heading(self, sample_font, sample_draw, sample_canvas, default_table_style):
+        """Test rendering a cell with heading content."""
+        cell = TableCell()
+        heading = Heading(HeadingLevel.H2, sample_font)
+        heading.add_word(Word("Heading", sample_font))
+        cell.add_block(heading)
+
+        cell_renderer = TableCellRenderer(
+            cell,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            size=(200, 50),
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style,
+            canvas=sample_canvas
+        )
+
+        result = cell_renderer.render()
+        assert result is None
+
+    def test_in_object(self, sample_font, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test in_object method for point detection."""
+        cell = TableCell()
+        cell_renderer = TableCellRenderer(
+            cell,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            size=(100, 50),
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style
+        )
+
+        # Point inside cell
+        assert cell_renderer.in_object((50, 30)) == True
+
+        # Point outside cell
+        assert cell_renderer.in_object((150, 30)) == False
+        assert cell_renderer.in_object((50, 100)) == False
+
+    def test_properties_access(self, sample_font, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test accessing cell renderer properties."""
+        import numpy as np
+        cell = TableCell()
+        cell_renderer = TableCellRenderer(
+            cell,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            size=(100, 50),
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style
+        )
+
+        # May be numpy arrays
+        assert np.array_equal(cell_renderer._origin, (10, 10))
+        assert np.array_equal(cell_renderer._size, (100, 50))
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# TableRowRenderer Tests
+# ============================================================================
+
+class TestTableRowRenderer:
+    """Tests for TableRowRenderer."""
+
+    def test_initialization(self, sample_font, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test TableRowRenderer initialization."""
+        row = TableRow()
+        column_widths = [100, 150, 200]
+
+        row_renderer = TableRowRenderer(
+            row,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            column_widths=column_widths,
+            row_height=50,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style
+        )
+
+        assert row_renderer._row == row
+        assert row_renderer._column_widths == column_widths
+        assert row_renderer._row_height == 50
+        assert row_renderer._draw == sample_draw
+        assert row_renderer._style == default_table_style
+        assert row_renderer._is_header_section is False
+
+    def test_render_empty_row(self, sample_font, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test rendering an empty row."""
+        row = TableRow()
+
+        row_renderer = TableRowRenderer(
+            row,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            column_widths=[100, 100],
+            row_height=50,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style
+        )
+
+        result = row_renderer.render()
+        assert result is None
+
+    def test_render_row_with_cells(self, sample_font, sample_draw, sample_canvas, default_table_style):
+        """Test rendering a row with multiple cells."""
+        row = TableRow()
+
+        # Add cells to row
+        for i in range(3):
+            cell = TableCell()
+            paragraph = Paragraph(sample_font)
+            paragraph.add_word(Word(f"Cell{i}", sample_font))
+            cell.add_block(paragraph)
+            row.add_cell(cell)
+
+        row_renderer = TableRowRenderer(
+            row,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            column_widths=[100, 100, 100],
+            row_height=50,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style,
+            canvas=sample_canvas
+        )
+
+        result = row_renderer.render()
+        assert result is None
+        # Verify cells were created
+        assert len(row_renderer._cell_renderers) == 3
+
+    def test_render_row_with_colspan(self, sample_font, sample_draw, sample_canvas, default_table_style):
+        """Test rendering a row with cells that span multiple columns."""
+        row = TableRow()
+
+        # Cell with colspan=2
+        cell1 = TableCell(colspan=2)
+        paragraph1 = Paragraph(sample_font)
+        paragraph1.add_word(Word("Spanning", sample_font))
+        cell1.add_block(paragraph1)
+        row.add_cell(cell1)
+
+        # Normal cell
+        cell2 = TableCell()
+        paragraph2 = Paragraph(sample_font)
+        paragraph2.add_word(Word("Normal", sample_font))
+        cell2.add_block(paragraph2)
+        row.add_cell(cell2)
+
+        row_renderer = TableRowRenderer(
+            row,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            column_widths=[100, 100, 100],
+            row_height=50,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style,
+            canvas=sample_canvas
+        )
+
+        result = row_renderer.render()
+        assert result is None
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# TableRenderer Tests
+# ============================================================================
+
+class TestTableRenderer:
+    """Tests for TableRenderer."""
+
+    def test_initialization(self, simple_table, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test TableRenderer initialization."""
+        import numpy as np
+        table_renderer = TableRenderer(
+            simple_table,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            available_width=600,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style
+        )
+
+        assert table_renderer._table == simple_table
+        assert np.array_equal(table_renderer._origin, (10, 10))
+        assert table_renderer._available_width == 600
+        assert table_renderer._draw == sample_draw
+        assert table_renderer._style == default_table_style
+
+    def test_dimension_calculation(self, simple_table, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test table dimension calculation."""
+        table_renderer = TableRenderer(
+            simple_table,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            available_width=600,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style
+        )
+
+        # Check that dimensions were calculated
+        assert len(table_renderer._column_widths) == 2
+        assert len(table_renderer._row_heights) == 3  # header, body, footer
+        assert all(width > 0 for width in table_renderer._column_widths)
+
+    def test_render_simple_table(self, simple_table, sample_draw, sample_canvas, default_table_style):
+        """Test rendering a complete simple table."""
+        table_renderer = TableRenderer(
+            simple_table,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            available_width=600,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style,
+            canvas=sample_canvas
+        )
+
+        result = table_renderer.render()
+        assert result is None
+        # Verify rows were created
+        assert len(table_renderer._row_renderers) == 2  # 1 header + 1 body
+
+    def test_render_table_with_caption(self, simple_table, sample_draw, sample_canvas, default_table_style):
+        """Test rendering a table with caption."""
+        simple_table.caption = "Test Table Caption"
+
+        table_renderer = TableRenderer(
+            simple_table,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            available_width=600,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style,
+            canvas=sample_canvas
+        )
+
+        result = table_renderer.render()
+        assert result is None
+
+    def test_height_property(self, simple_table, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test table height property."""
+        table_renderer = TableRenderer(
+            simple_table,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            available_width=600,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style
+        )
+
+        height = table_renderer.height
+        assert isinstance(height, int)
+        assert height > 0
+
+    def test_width_property(self, simple_table, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test table width property."""
+        table_renderer = TableRenderer(
+            simple_table,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            available_width=600,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style
+        )
+
+        width = table_renderer.width
+        assert isinstance(width, int)
+        assert width > 0
+        assert width <= 600  # Should not exceed available width
+
+    def test_empty_table(self, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test rendering an empty table."""
+        empty_table = Table()
+
+        table_renderer = TableRenderer(
+            empty_table,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            available_width=600,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style
+        )
+
+        # Should handle gracefully
+        assert table_renderer is not None
+
+    def test_table_with_footer(self, sample_font, sample_draw, sample_canvas, default_table_style):
+        """Test rendering a table with footer rows."""
+        table = Table()
+
+        # Add header
+        header_row = TableRow()
+        header_cell = TableCell(is_header=True)
+        header_p = Paragraph(sample_font)
+        header_p.add_word(Word("Header", sample_font))
+        header_cell.add_block(header_p)
+        header_row.add_cell(header_cell)
+        table.add_row(header_row, section="header")
+
+        # Add body
+        body_row = TableRow()
+        body_cell = TableCell()
+        body_p = Paragraph(sample_font)
+        body_p.add_word(Word("Body", sample_font))
+        body_cell.add_block(body_p)
+        body_row.add_cell(body_cell)
+        table.add_row(body_row, section="body")
+
+        # Add footer
+        footer_row = TableRow()
+        footer_cell = TableCell()
+        footer_p = Paragraph(sample_font)
+        footer_p.add_word(Word("Footer", sample_font))
+        footer_cell.add_block(footer_p)
+        footer_row.add_cell(footer_cell)
+        table.add_row(footer_row, section="footer")
+
+        table_renderer = TableRenderer(
+            table,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            available_width=600,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style,
+            canvas=sample_canvas
+        )
+
+        result = table_renderer.render()
+        assert result is None
+        assert len(table_renderer._row_renderers) == 3  # header + body + footer
+
+    def test_in_object(self, simple_table, sample_draw, default_table_style):
+        """Test in_object method for table."""
+        table_renderer = TableRenderer(
+            simple_table,
+            origin=(10, 10),
+            available_width=600,
+            draw=sample_draw,
+            style=default_table_style
+        )
+
+        # Point inside table
+        assert table_renderer.in_object((50, 50)) == True
+
+        # Point outside table
+        assert table_renderer.in_object((1000, 1000)) == False
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    pytest.main([__file__, "-v"])
diff --git a/tests/layout/test_ereader_layout.py b/tests/layout/test_ereader_layout.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c9a7c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/layout/test_ereader_layout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,878 @@
+"""
+Tests for the ereader layout system components.
+
+This module tests:
+- RenderingPosition: Position tracking and serialization
+- ChapterNavigator: Chapter detection and navigation
+- FontScaler: Font scaling utilities
+- BidirectionalLayouter: Forward/backward page rendering
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from pyWebLayout.layout.ereader_layout import (
+    RenderingPosition,
+    ChapterNavigator,
+    ChapterInfo,
+    FontScaler,
+    BidirectionalLayouter
+)
+from pyWebLayout.abstract.block import Paragraph, Heading, HeadingLevel, Table, HList
+from pyWebLayout.abstract.inline import Word
+from pyWebLayout.style import Font
+from pyWebLayout.style.page_style import PageStyle
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Fixtures
+# ============================================================================
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_font():
+    """Create a standard font for testing."""
+    return Font(font_size=12, colour=(0, 0, 0))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_blocks_with_headings(sample_font):
+    """Create a sample document structure with headings for testing."""
+    blocks = []
+
+    # H1 - Chapter 1
+    h1 = Heading(HeadingLevel.H1, sample_font)
+    h1.add_word(Word("Chapter", sample_font))
+    h1.add_word(Word("One", sample_font))
+    blocks.append(h1)
+
+    # Paragraph
+    p1 = Paragraph(sample_font)
+    p1.add_word(Word("This", sample_font))
+    p1.add_word(Word("is", sample_font))
+    p1.add_word(Word("content", sample_font))
+    blocks.append(p1)
+
+    # H2 - Section 1.1
+    h2 = Heading(HeadingLevel.H2, sample_font)
+    h2.add_word(Word("Section", sample_font))
+    h2.add_word(Word("1.1", sample_font))
+    blocks.append(h2)
+
+    # Another paragraph
+    p2 = Paragraph(sample_font)
+    p2.add_word(Word("More", sample_font))
+    p2.add_word(Word("text", sample_font))
+    blocks.append(p2)
+
+    # H1 - Chapter 2
+    h1_2 = Heading(HeadingLevel.H1, sample_font)
+    h1_2.add_word(Word("Chapter", sample_font))
+    h1_2.add_word(Word("Two", sample_font))
+    blocks.append(h1_2)
+
+    return blocks
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_page_style():
+    """Create a standard page style for testing."""
+    return PageStyle()
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# RenderingPosition Tests
+# ============================================================================
+
+class TestRenderingPosition:
+    """Tests for the RenderingPosition dataclass."""
+
+    def test_default_initialization(self):
+        """Test RenderingPosition initializes with default values."""
+        pos = RenderingPosition()
+        assert pos.chapter_index == 0
+        assert pos.block_index == 0
+        assert pos.word_index == 0
+        assert pos.table_row == 0
+        assert pos.table_col == 0
+        assert pos.list_item_index == 0
+        assert pos.remaining_pretext is None
+        assert pos.page_y_offset == 0
+
+    def test_custom_initialization(self):
+        """Test RenderingPosition with custom values."""
+        pos = RenderingPosition(
+            chapter_index=2,
+            block_index=5,
+            word_index=10,
+            table_row=1,
+            table_col=2,
+            list_item_index=3,
+            remaining_pretext="test",
+            page_y_offset=100
+        )
+        assert pos.chapter_index == 2
+        assert pos.block_index == 5
+        assert pos.word_index == 10
+        assert pos.table_row == 1
+        assert pos.table_col == 2
+        assert pos.list_item_index == 3
+        assert pos.remaining_pretext == "test"
+        assert pos.page_y_offset == 100
+
+    def test_to_dict_serialization(self):
+        """Test serialization to dictionary."""
+        pos = RenderingPosition(
+            chapter_index=1,
+            block_index=2,
+            word_index=3
+        )
+        result = pos.to_dict()
+
+        assert isinstance(result, dict)
+        assert result['chapter_index'] == 1
+        assert result['block_index'] == 2
+        assert result['word_index'] == 3
+        assert 'table_row' in result
+        assert 'remaining_pretext' in result
+
+    def test_from_dict_deserialization(self):
+        """Test deserialization from dictionary."""
+        data = {
+            'chapter_index': 2,
+            'block_index': 4,
+            'word_index': 6,
+            'table_row': 1,
+            'table_col': 0,
+            'list_item_index': 0,
+            'remaining_pretext': None,
+            'page_y_offset': 50
+        }
+        pos = RenderingPosition.from_dict(data)
+
+        assert pos.chapter_index == 2
+        assert pos.block_index == 4
+        assert pos.word_index == 6
+        assert pos.page_y_offset == 50
+
+    def test_round_trip_serialization(self):
+        """Test serialization and deserialization round trip."""
+        original = RenderingPosition(
+            chapter_index=3,
+            block_index=7,
+            word_index=15,
+            remaining_pretext="hyphen-",
+            page_y_offset=200
+        )
+
+        # Serialize and deserialize
+        data = original.to_dict()
+        restored = RenderingPosition.from_dict(data)
+
+        assert original == restored
+
+    def test_copy_creates_independent_copy(self):
+        """Test that copy() creates an independent copy."""
+        original = RenderingPosition(
+            chapter_index=1,
+            block_index=2,
+            word_index=3
+        )
+
+        copy = original.copy()
+
+        # Verify values match
+        assert copy.chapter_index == original.chapter_index
+        assert copy.block_index == original.block_index
+        assert copy.word_index == original.word_index
+
+        # Modify copy and verify original is unchanged
+        copy.chapter_index = 99
+        copy.word_index = 100
+
+        assert original.chapter_index == 1
+        assert original.word_index == 3
+
+    def test_equality_same_values(self):
+        """Test equality comparison with same values."""
+        pos1 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=2)
+        pos2 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=2)
+
+        assert pos1 == pos2
+
+    def test_equality_different_values(self):
+        """Test equality comparison with different values."""
+        pos1 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=2)
+        pos2 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=3)
+
+        assert pos1 != pos2
+
+    def test_equality_with_non_position(self):
+        """Test equality comparison with non-RenderingPosition object."""
+        pos = RenderingPosition()
+
+        assert pos != "not a position"
+        assert pos != 42
+        assert pos != None
+
+    def test_hashability(self):
+        """Test that RenderingPosition is hashable and can be used in sets/dicts."""
+        pos1 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=2)
+        pos2 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=2)
+        pos3 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=3)
+
+        # Test in set
+        position_set = {pos1, pos2, pos3}
+        assert len(position_set) == 2  # pos1 and pos2 should be same
+
+        # Test as dict key
+        position_dict = {pos1: "value1"}
+        assert position_dict[pos2] == "value1"  # pos2 should access same key
+
+    def test_hash_consistency(self):
+        """Test that hash values are consistent."""
+        pos1 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=5, block_index=10)
+        pos2 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=5, block_index=10)
+
+        assert hash(pos1) == hash(pos2)
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# ChapterNavigator Tests
+# ============================================================================
+
+class TestChapterNavigator:
+    """Tests for the ChapterNavigator class."""
+
+    def test_initialization(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test ChapterNavigator initialization."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+
+        assert navigator.blocks == sample_blocks_with_headings
+        assert len(navigator.chapters) > 0
+
+    def test_build_chapter_map_finds_headings(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test that chapter map correctly identifies headings."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+
+        # Should find 3 headings: H1, H2, H1
+        assert len(navigator.chapters) == 3
+
+    def test_chapter_info_properties(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test ChapterInfo contains correct properties."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+
+        first_chapter = navigator.chapters[0]
+        assert isinstance(first_chapter, ChapterInfo)
+        assert first_chapter.title == "Chapter One"
+        assert first_chapter.level == HeadingLevel.H1
+        assert isinstance(first_chapter.position, RenderingPosition)
+        assert first_chapter.block_index == 0
+
+    def test_heading_text_extraction(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test extraction of heading text from Word objects."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+
+        # Check extracted titles
+        titles = [ch.title for ch in navigator.chapters]
+        assert "Chapter One" in titles
+        assert "Section 1.1" in titles
+        assert "Chapter Two" in titles
+
+    def test_chapter_index_tracking(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test that chapter indices are tracked correctly for H1 headings."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+
+        # Note: The current implementation increments AFTER adding the chapter
+        # So chapter_index values are: H1=0 (then inc to 1), H2=1, H1=1 (then inc to 2)
+        # First H1 should be chapter 0
+        assert navigator.chapters[0].position.chapter_index == 0
+        # H2 gets chapter_index 1 (after first H1 increment)
+        assert navigator.chapters[1].position.chapter_index == 1
+        # Second H1 also gets chapter_index 1 (then increments to 2)
+        assert navigator.chapters[2].position.chapter_index == 1
+
+    def test_get_table_of_contents(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test generation of table of contents."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+        toc = navigator.get_table_of_contents()
+
+        assert isinstance(toc, list)
+        assert len(toc) == 3
+
+        # Each entry should be (title, level, position)
+        for entry in toc:
+            assert isinstance(entry, tuple)
+            assert len(entry) == 3
+            assert isinstance(entry[0], str)  # title
+            assert isinstance(entry[1], HeadingLevel)  # level
+            assert isinstance(entry[2], RenderingPosition)  # position
+
+    def test_get_chapter_position_exact_match(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test finding chapter by exact title match."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+
+        position = navigator.get_chapter_position("Chapter One")
+        assert position is not None
+        assert position.block_index == 0
+
+    def test_get_chapter_position_case_insensitive(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test case-insensitive chapter title matching."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+
+        position = navigator.get_chapter_position("chapter one")
+        assert position is not None
+
+        position2 = navigator.get_chapter_position("CHAPTER ONE")
+        assert position2 is not None
+        assert position == position2
+
+    def test_get_chapter_position_not_found(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test getting position for non-existent chapter."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+
+        position = navigator.get_chapter_position("Nonexistent Chapter")
+        assert position is None
+
+    def test_get_current_chapter_at_start(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test getting current chapter at document start."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+
+        position = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=0, block_index=0)
+        current = navigator.get_current_chapter(position)
+
+        assert current is not None
+        assert current.title == "Chapter One"
+
+    def test_get_current_chapter_in_middle(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test getting current chapter in middle of document."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+
+        # Position at block 3 should be in Chapter One
+        position = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=0, block_index=3)
+        current = navigator.get_current_chapter(position)
+
+        assert current is not None
+        assert "Chapter One" in current.title or "Section 1.1" in current.title
+
+    def test_get_current_chapter_at_end(self, sample_blocks_with_headings):
+        """Test getting current chapter at document end."""
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(sample_blocks_with_headings)
+
+        position = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=4)
+        current = navigator.get_current_chapter(position)
+
+        assert current is not None
+        assert current.title == "Chapter Two"
+
+    def test_empty_document_no_chapters(self, sample_font):
+        """Test navigator with document containing no headings."""
+        # Document with only paragraphs
+        blocks = [
+            Paragraph(sample_font),
+            Paragraph(sample_font)
+        ]
+
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(blocks)
+
+        assert len(navigator.chapters) == 0
+        assert navigator.get_table_of_contents() == []
+
+        position = RenderingPosition()
+        assert navigator.get_current_chapter(position) is None
+
+    def test_multiple_heading_levels(self, sample_font):
+        """Test navigator with multiple heading levels H1-H6."""
+        blocks = []
+
+        # Create headings of each level
+        for level in [HeadingLevel.H1, HeadingLevel.H2, HeadingLevel.H3,
+                      HeadingLevel.H4, HeadingLevel.H5, HeadingLevel.H6]:
+            heading = Heading(level, sample_font)
+            heading.add_word(Word(f"Heading {level.value}", sample_font))
+            blocks.append(heading)
+
+        navigator = ChapterNavigator(blocks)
+
+        # Should find all 6 headings
+        assert len(navigator.chapters) == 6
+
+        # Note: Due to implementation, H1 increments chapter_index AFTER being added
+        # So: H1=0 (inc to 1), H2=1, H3=1, H4=1, H5=1, H6=1
+        chapter_indices = [ch.position.chapter_index for ch in navigator.chapters]
+        assert chapter_indices[0] == 0  # H1 gets 0, then increments
+        assert all(idx == 1 for idx in chapter_indices[1:])  # H2-H6 all get 1
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# FontScaler Tests
+# ============================================================================
+
+class TestFontScaler:
+    """Tests for the FontScaler utility class."""
+
+    def test_scale_font_no_change(self, sample_font):
+        """Test scaling font with factor 1.0 returns same font."""
+        scaled = FontScaler.scale_font(sample_font, 1.0)
+
+        # Should return the original font when scale is 1.0
+        assert scaled == sample_font
+
+    def test_scale_font_double_size(self, sample_font):
+        """Test scaling font to double size."""
+        original_size = sample_font.font_size
+        scaled = FontScaler.scale_font(sample_font, 2.0)
+
+        assert scaled.font_size == original_size * 2
+
+    def test_scale_font_half_size(self, sample_font):
+        """Test scaling font to half size."""
+        original_size = sample_font.font_size
+        scaled = FontScaler.scale_font(sample_font, 0.5)
+
+        assert scaled.font_size == int(original_size * 0.5)
+
+    def test_scale_font_preserves_color(self, sample_font):
+        """Test that font scaling preserves color."""
+        scaled = FontScaler.scale_font(sample_font, 1.5)
+
+        assert scaled.colour == sample_font.colour
+
+    def test_scale_font_preserves_properties(self):
+        """Test that font scaling preserves all font properties."""
+        font = Font(
+            font_size=14,
+            colour=(255, 0, 0),
+            weight="bold",
+            style="italic"
+        )
+
+        scaled = FontScaler.scale_font(font, 1.5)
+
+        assert scaled.colour == font.colour
+        assert scaled.weight == font.weight
+        assert scaled.style == font.style
+
+    def test_scale_font_minimum_size(self):
+        """Test that font scaling maintains minimum size of 1."""
+        font = Font(font_size=2)
+
+        # Scale to very small
+        scaled = FontScaler.scale_font(font, 0.1)
+
+        # Should be at least 1
+        assert scaled.font_size >= 1
+
+    def test_scale_word_spacing_no_change(self):
+        """Test scaling word spacing with factor 1.0."""
+        spacing = (5, 10)
+        scaled = FontScaler.scale_word_spacing(spacing, 1.0)
+
+        assert scaled == spacing
+
+    def test_scale_word_spacing_double(self):
+        """Test scaling word spacing to double."""
+        spacing = (5, 10)
+        scaled = FontScaler.scale_word_spacing(spacing, 2.0)
+
+        assert scaled == (10, 20)
+
+    def test_scale_word_spacing_maintains_minimum(self):
+        """Test that word spacing maintains minimum values."""
+        spacing = (2, 4)
+        scaled = FontScaler.scale_word_spacing(spacing, 0.1)
+
+        # Min spacing should be at least 1, max at least 2
+        assert scaled[0] >= 1
+        assert scaled[1] >= 2
+
+    def test_scale_font_with_large_factor(self):
+        """Test scaling with very large factor."""
+        font = Font(font_size=12)
+        scaled = FontScaler.scale_font(font, 10.0)
+
+        assert scaled.font_size == 120
+
+    def test_scale_font_with_small_factor(self):
+        """Test scaling with very small factor."""
+        font = Font(font_size=12)
+        scaled = FontScaler.scale_font(font, 0.05)
+
+        # Should still be at least 1
+        assert scaled.font_size >= 1
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# BidirectionalLayouter Tests (Basic)
+# ============================================================================
+
+class TestBidirectionalLayouter:
+    """Tests for the BidirectionalLayouter class."""
+
+    def test_initialization(self, sample_blocks_with_headings, sample_page_style):
+        """Test BidirectionalLayouter initialization."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter(
+            sample_blocks_with_headings,
+            sample_page_style,
+            page_size=(800, 600)
+        )
+
+        assert layouter.blocks == sample_blocks_with_headings
+        assert layouter.page_style == sample_page_style
+        assert layouter.page_size == (800, 600)
+        assert isinstance(layouter.chapter_navigator, ChapterNavigator)
+
+    def test_position_compare_equal(self):
+        """Test position comparison for equal positions."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        pos1 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=2, word_index=3)
+        pos2 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=2, word_index=3)
+
+        assert layouter._position_compare(pos1, pos2) == 0
+
+    def test_position_compare_chapter_difference(self):
+        """Test position comparison with different chapters."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        pos1 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=2, word_index=3)
+        pos2 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=2, block_index=2, word_index=3)
+
+        assert layouter._position_compare(pos1, pos2) == -1
+        assert layouter._position_compare(pos2, pos1) == 1
+
+    def test_position_compare_block_difference(self):
+        """Test position comparison with different blocks."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        pos1 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=2, word_index=3)
+        pos2 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=5, word_index=3)
+
+        assert layouter._position_compare(pos1, pos2) == -1
+        assert layouter._position_compare(pos2, pos1) == 1
+
+    def test_position_compare_word_difference(self):
+        """Test position comparison with different words."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        pos1 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=2, word_index=3)
+        pos2 = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=1, block_index=2, word_index=10)
+
+        assert layouter._position_compare(pos1, pos2) == -1
+        assert layouter._position_compare(pos2, pos1) == 1
+
+    def test_scale_block_fonts_no_scaling(self, sample_font):
+        """Test block font scaling with factor 1.0."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        paragraph = Paragraph(sample_font)
+        paragraph.add_word(Word("test", sample_font))
+
+        scaled = layouter._scale_block_fonts(paragraph, 1.0)
+
+        # Should return same block
+        assert scaled == paragraph
+
+    def test_estimate_page_start(self):
+        """Test estimation of page start position."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        end_pos = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=0, block_index=20, word_index=0)
+
+        estimated = layouter._estimate_page_start(end_pos, 1.0)
+
+        # Should estimate some blocks before the end position
+        assert estimated.block_index < end_pos.block_index
+        assert estimated.block_index >= 0
+
+    def test_estimate_page_start_with_font_scale(self):
+        """Test that font scale affects page start estimation."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        end_pos = RenderingPosition(chapter_index=0, block_index=20, word_index=0)
+
+        est_normal = layouter._estimate_page_start(end_pos, 1.0)
+        est_large = layouter._estimate_page_start(end_pos, 2.0)
+
+        # Larger font should estimate fewer blocks
+        assert est_large.block_index >= est_normal.block_index
+
+
+    def test_scale_block_fonts_paragraph(self, sample_font):
+        """Test scaling fonts in a paragraph block."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        paragraph = Paragraph(sample_font)
+        paragraph.add_word(Word("Hello", sample_font))
+        paragraph.add_word(Word("World", sample_font))
+
+        scaled = layouter._scale_block_fonts(paragraph, 2.0)
+
+        # Should be a new paragraph
+        assert isinstance(scaled, Paragraph)
+        assert scaled != paragraph
+
+        # Check that words were scaled (words is a list, not a method)
+        words = scaled.words if hasattr(scaled, 'words') and isinstance(scaled.words, list) else list(scaled.words_iter())
+        assert len(words) >= 2
+
+    def test_scale_block_fonts_heading(self, sample_font):
+        """Test scaling fonts in a heading block."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        heading = Heading(HeadingLevel.H1, sample_font)
+        heading.add_word(Word("Title", sample_font))
+
+        scaled = layouter._scale_block_fonts(heading, 1.5)
+
+        # Should be a new heading
+        assert isinstance(scaled, Heading)
+        assert scaled.level == HeadingLevel.H1
+
+    def test_layout_block_on_page_unknown_type(self, sample_font):
+        """Test layout of unknown block type skips gracefully."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        # Create a mock block that's not a known type
+        from pyWebLayout.concrete.page import Page
+        from pyWebLayout.abstract.block import Block, BlockType
+        page = Page(size=(800, 600), style=PageStyle())
+        position = RenderingPosition()
+
+        # Use a simple block (not Paragraph, Heading, Table, or HList)
+        unknown_block = Block(BlockType.HORIZONTAL_RULE)
+
+        success, new_pos = layouter._layout_block_on_page(unknown_block, page, position, 1.0)
+
+        # Should skip and move to next block
+        assert success is True
+        assert new_pos.block_index == 1
+
+    def test_layout_table_on_page(self, sample_font):
+        """Test table layout on page (currently skips)."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        from pyWebLayout.concrete.page import Page
+        from pyWebLayout.abstract.block import Table
+
+        page = Page(size=(800, 600), style=PageStyle())
+        table = Table()
+        position = RenderingPosition()
+
+        success, new_pos = layouter._layout_table_on_page(table, page, position, 1.0)
+
+        # Currently skips tables
+        assert success is True
+        assert new_pos.block_index == 1
+        assert new_pos.table_row == 0
+        assert new_pos.table_col == 0
+
+    def test_layout_list_on_page(self, sample_font):
+        """Test list layout on page (currently skips)."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        from pyWebLayout.concrete.page import Page
+        from pyWebLayout.abstract.block import HList
+
+        page = Page(size=(800, 600), style=PageStyle())
+        hlist = HList()
+        position = RenderingPosition()
+
+        success, new_pos = layouter._layout_list_on_page(hlist, page, position, 1.0)
+
+        # Currently skips lists
+        assert success is True
+        assert new_pos.block_index == 1
+        assert new_pos.list_item_index == 0
+
+    def test_render_page_forward_simple(self, sample_blocks_with_headings, sample_page_style):
+        """Test forward page rendering with simple blocks."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter(
+            sample_blocks_with_headings,
+            sample_page_style,
+            page_size=(800, 600)
+        )
+
+        position = RenderingPosition()
+        page, next_pos = layouter.render_page_forward(position, font_scale=1.0)
+
+        # Should render a page
+        from pyWebLayout.concrete.page import Page
+        assert isinstance(page, Page)
+
+        # Position should advance
+        assert next_pos.block_index >= position.block_index
+
+    def test_render_page_forward_with_font_scale(self, sample_blocks_with_headings, sample_page_style):
+        """Test forward rendering with font scaling."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter(
+            sample_blocks_with_headings,
+            sample_page_style,
+            page_size=(800, 600)
+        )
+
+        position = RenderingPosition()
+
+        # Render with normal font
+        page1, next_pos1 = layouter.render_page_forward(position, font_scale=1.0)
+
+        # Render with larger font (should fit less content)
+        page2, next_pos2 = layouter.render_page_forward(position, font_scale=2.0)
+
+        # Both should produce pages
+        assert page1 is not None
+        assert page2 is not None
+
+    def test_render_page_forward_at_end(self, sample_blocks_with_headings, sample_page_style):
+        """Test forward rendering at end of document."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter(
+            sample_blocks_with_headings,
+            sample_page_style,
+            page_size=(800, 600)
+        )
+
+        # Position at last block
+        position = RenderingPosition(block_index=len(sample_blocks_with_headings) - 1)
+        page, next_pos = layouter.render_page_forward(position, font_scale=1.0)
+
+        # Should still render a page
+        assert page is not None
+
+    def test_render_page_forward_beyond_end(self, sample_blocks_with_headings, sample_page_style):
+        """Test forward rendering beyond document end."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter(
+            sample_blocks_with_headings,
+            sample_page_style,
+            page_size=(800, 600)
+        )
+
+        # Position beyond last block
+        position = RenderingPosition(block_index=len(sample_blocks_with_headings) + 10)
+        page, next_pos = layouter.render_page_forward(position, font_scale=1.0)
+
+        # Should handle gracefully
+        assert page is not None
+
+    def test_render_page_backward_simple(self, sample_blocks_with_headings, sample_page_style):
+        """Test backward page rendering."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter(
+            sample_blocks_with_headings,
+            sample_page_style,
+            page_size=(800, 600)
+        )
+
+        # Start from middle of document
+        end_position = RenderingPosition(block_index=3)
+        page, start_pos = layouter.render_page_backward(end_position, font_scale=1.0)
+
+        # Should render a page
+        assert page is not None
+
+        # Start position should be before or at end position
+        assert start_pos.block_index <= end_position.block_index
+
+    def test_adjust_start_estimate_overshot(self):
+        """Test adjustment when forward render overshoots target."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        current_start = RenderingPosition(block_index=5)
+        target_end = RenderingPosition(block_index=10)
+        actual_end = RenderingPosition(block_index=12)  # Overshot
+
+        adjusted = layouter._adjust_start_estimate(current_start, target_end, actual_end)
+
+        # Should move start forward (increase block_index)
+        assert adjusted.block_index > current_start.block_index
+
+    def test_adjust_start_estimate_undershot(self):
+        """Test adjustment when forward render undershoots target."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        current_start = RenderingPosition(block_index=5)
+        target_end = RenderingPosition(block_index=10)
+        actual_end = RenderingPosition(block_index=8)  # Undershot
+
+        adjusted = layouter._adjust_start_estimate(current_start, target_end, actual_end)
+
+        # Should move start backward (decrease block_index)
+        assert adjusted.block_index <= current_start.block_index
+
+    def test_adjust_start_estimate_exact(self):
+        """Test adjustment when forward render hits target exactly."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], PageStyle())
+
+        current_start = RenderingPosition(block_index=5)
+        target_end = RenderingPosition(block_index=10)
+        actual_end = RenderingPosition(block_index=10)  # Exact
+
+        adjusted = layouter._adjust_start_estimate(current_start, target_end, actual_end)
+
+        # Should return same or similar position
+        assert adjusted.block_index >= 0
+
+    def test_layout_paragraph_on_page_with_pretext(self, sample_font, sample_page_style):
+        """Test paragraph layout with pretext (hyphenated word continuation)."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], sample_page_style, page_size=(800, 600))
+
+        from pyWebLayout.concrete.page import Page
+
+        paragraph = Paragraph(sample_font)
+        paragraph.add_word(Word("continuation", sample_font))
+
+        page = Page(size=(800, 600), style=sample_page_style)
+        position = RenderingPosition(remaining_pretext="pre-")
+
+        success, new_pos = layouter._layout_paragraph_on_page(paragraph, page, position, 1.0)
+
+        # Should attempt to layout
+        assert isinstance(success, bool)
+        assert isinstance(new_pos, RenderingPosition)
+
+    def test_layout_paragraph_success(self, sample_font, sample_page_style):
+        """Test successful paragraph layout."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], sample_page_style, page_size=(800, 600))
+
+        from pyWebLayout.concrete.page import Page
+
+        paragraph = Paragraph(sample_font)
+        paragraph.add_word(Word("Short", sample_font))
+        paragraph.add_word(Word("text", sample_font))
+
+        page = Page(size=(800, 600), style=sample_page_style)
+        position = RenderingPosition()
+
+        success, new_pos = layouter._layout_paragraph_on_page(paragraph, page, position, 1.0)
+
+        # Should complete successfully
+        assert isinstance(success, bool)
+
+    def test_layout_heading_on_page(self, sample_font, sample_page_style):
+        """Test heading layout delegates to paragraph layout."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], sample_page_style, page_size=(800, 600))
+
+        from pyWebLayout.concrete.page import Page
+
+        heading = Heading(HeadingLevel.H1, sample_font)
+        heading.add_word(Word("Heading", sample_font))
+        heading.add_word(Word("Text", sample_font))
+
+        page = Page(size=(800, 600), style=sample_page_style)
+        position = RenderingPosition()
+
+        success, new_pos = layouter._layout_heading_on_page(heading, page, position, 1.0)
+
+        # Should attempt to layout like a paragraph
+        assert isinstance(success, bool)
+        assert isinstance(new_pos, RenderingPosition)
+
+    def test_empty_blocks_list(self, sample_page_style):
+        """Test rendering with empty blocks list."""
+        layouter = BidirectionalLayouter([], sample_page_style, page_size=(800, 600))
+
+        position = RenderingPosition()
+        page, next_pos = layouter.render_page_forward(position, font_scale=1.0)
+
+        # Should handle empty document
+        assert page is not None
+        assert next_pos == position  # No progress possible
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    pytest.main([__file__, "-v"])