jellytau/docs/architecture/05-platform-backends.md
Duncan Tourolle 09780103a7
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Split software arch desc for easier manintenance. Many fixes related to next video playing and remote playback
2026-03-01 19:47:46 +01:00

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# Platform-Specific Player Backends
## Player Events System
**Location**: `src-tauri/src/player/events.rs`
The player uses a push-based event system to notify the frontend of state changes:
```rust
pub enum PlayerStatusEvent {
/// Playback position updated (emitted periodically during playback)
PositionUpdate { position: f64, duration: f64 },
/// Player state changed
StateChanged { state: String, media_id: Option<String> },
/// Media has finished loading and is ready to play
MediaLoaded { duration: f64 },
/// Playback has ended naturally
PlaybackEnded,
/// Buffering state changed
Buffering { percent: u8 },
/// An error occurred during playback
Error { message: String, recoverable: bool },
/// Volume changed
VolumeChanged { volume: f32, muted: bool },
/// Sleep timer state changed
SleepTimerChanged {
mode: SleepTimerMode,
remaining_seconds: u32,
},
/// Show next episode popup with countdown
ShowNextEpisodePopup {
current_episode: MediaItem,
next_episode: MediaItem,
countdown_seconds: u32,
auto_advance: bool,
},
/// Countdown tick (emitted every second during autoplay countdown)
CountdownTick { remaining_seconds: u32 },
/// Queue changed (items added, removed, reordered, or playback mode changed)
QueueChanged {
items: Vec<MediaItem>,
current_index: Option<usize>,
shuffle: bool,
repeat: RepeatMode,
has_next: bool,
has_previous: bool,
},
/// Media session changed (activity context changed: Audio/Movie/TvShow/Idle)
SessionChanged { session: MediaSessionType },
}
```
Events are emitted via Tauri's event system:
```mermaid
flowchart LR
subgraph Backend["Player Backend"]
MPV["MPV/ExoPlayer"]
end
subgraph EventSystem["Event System"]
Emitter["TauriEventEmitter<br/>emit()"]
Bus["Tauri Event Bus<br/>'player-event'"]
end
subgraph Frontend["Frontend"]
Listener["playerEvents.ts<br/>Frontend Listener"]
Store["Player Store Update<br/>(position, state, etc)"]
end
MPV --> Emitter --> Bus --> Listener --> Store
```
**Frontend Listener** (`src/lib/services/playerEvents.ts`):
- Listens for `player-event` Tauri events
- Updates player/queue stores based on event type
- Auto-advances to next track on `PlaybackEnded`
- On `StateChanged` events, calls `invoke("player_get_queue")` to update `appState.hasNext`/`hasPrevious` -- this enables MiniPlayer skip button state
**Important**: The command is `player_get_queue` (returns `QueueStatus` with `hasNext`/`hasPrevious`). There is no `player_get_queue_status` command.
## MpvBackend (Linux)
**Location**: `src-tauri/src/player/mpv/`
The MPV backend uses libmpv for audio playback on Linux. Since MPV handles are not `Send`, all operations occur on a dedicated thread.
```mermaid
flowchart TB
subgraph MainThread["Main Thread"]
MpvBackend["MpvBackend<br/>- command_tx<br/>- shared_state<br/>- shutdown"]
Commands["Commands:<br/>Load, Play, Pause<br/>Stop, Seek, SetVolume"]
end
subgraph EventLoopThread["MPV Event Loop Thread"]
EventLoop["event_loop.rs<br/>- MPV Handle<br/>- command_rx<br/>- Event Emitter"]
TauriEmitter["TauriEventEmitter"]
end
MpvBackend -->|"MpvCommand"| EventLoop
MpvBackend <-->|"Arc<Mutex<>>"| EventLoop
EventLoop -->|"Events"| TauriEmitter
TauriEmitter --> FrontendStore["Frontend Store"]
```
**Key Components:**
```rust
// Command enum sent to event loop thread
pub enum MpvCommand {
Load { url: String, media: MediaItem },
Play,
Pause,
Stop,
Seek(f64),
SetVolume(f32),
Quit,
}
// Shared state between main thread and event loop
pub struct MpvSharedState {
pub state: PlayerState,
pub position: f64,
pub duration: Option<f64>,
pub volume: f32,
pub is_loaded: bool,
pub current_media: Option<MediaItem>,
}
```
**Event Loop** (`event_loop.rs`):
- Initializes MPV with audio-only config (`vo=null`, `video=false`)
- Observes properties: `time-pos`, `duration`, `pause`, `volume`
- Emits position updates every 250ms during playback
- Processes commands from channel (non-blocking)
- Handles MPV events: `FileLoaded`, `EndFile`, `PropertyChange`
## ExoPlayerBackend (Android)
**Location**: `src-tauri/src/player/android/` and Kotlin sources
The ExoPlayer backend uses Android's Media3/ExoPlayer library via JNI.
```mermaid
flowchart TB
subgraph RustNative["Rust (Native)"]
ExoBackend["ExoPlayerBackend<br/>- player_ref<br/>- shared_state"]
NativeFuncs["JNI Callbacks<br/>nativeOnPosition...<br/>nativeOnState...<br/>nativeOnMediaLoaded<br/>nativeOnPlaybackEnd"]
TauriEmitter2["TauriEventEmitter"]
end
subgraph KotlinJVM["Kotlin (JVM)"]
JellyTauPlayer["JellyTauPlayer<br/>- ExoPlayer<br/>- Player.Listener"]
end
ExoBackend -->|"JNI Calls"| JellyTauPlayer
JellyTauPlayer -->|"Callbacks"| NativeFuncs
NativeFuncs --> TauriEmitter2
TauriEmitter2 --> FrontendStore2["Frontend Store"]
```
**Kotlin Player** (`JellyTauPlayer.kt`):
```kotlin
class JellyTauPlayer(context: Context) {
private val exoPlayer: ExoPlayer
private var positionUpdateJob: Job?
// Methods callable from Rust via JNI
fun load(url: String, mediaId: String)
fun play()
fun pause()
fun stop()
fun seek(positionSeconds: Double)
fun setVolume(volume: Float)
// Native callbacks to Rust
private external fun nativeOnPositionUpdate(position: Double, duration: Double)
private external fun nativeOnStateChanged(state: String, mediaId: String?)
private external fun nativeOnMediaLoaded(duration: Double)
private external fun nativeOnPlaybackEnded()
}
```
**JNI Callbacks** (Rust):
```rust
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_com_dtourolle_jellytau_player_JellyTauPlayer_nativeOnPositionUpdate(
_env: JNIEnv, _class: JClass, position: jdouble, duration: jdouble
) {
// Update shared state
// Emit PlayerStatusEvent::PositionUpdate
}
```
## Android MediaSession & Remote Volume Control
**Location**: `JellyTauPlaybackService.kt`
JellyTau uses a dual MediaSession architecture for Android to support both Media3 playback controls and remote volume control:
```mermaid
flowchart TB
subgraph Service["JellyTauPlaybackService"]
MediaSession["Media3 MediaSession<br/>- Lockscreen controls<br/>- Media notifications<br/>- Play/Pause/Next/Previous"]
MediaSessionCompat["MediaSessionCompat<br/>- Remote volume control<br/>- Hardware button interception"]
VolumeProvider["VolumeProviderCompat<br/>- onSetVolumeTo()<br/>- onAdjustVolume()"]
MediaSessionCompat --> VolumeProvider
end
subgraph Hardware["System"]
VolumeButtons["Hardware Volume Buttons"]
Lockscreen["Lockscreen Controls"]
Notification["Media Notification"]
end
subgraph Rust["Rust Backend"]
JNI["JNI Callbacks<br/>nativeOnRemoteVolumeChange()"]
PlaybackMode["PlaybackModeManager<br/>send_remote_volume_command()"]
JellyfinAPI["Jellyfin API<br/>session_set_volume()"]
end
VolumeButtons --> VolumeProvider
Lockscreen --> MediaSession
Notification --> MediaSession
VolumeProvider --> JNI
JNI --> PlaybackMode
PlaybackMode --> JellyfinAPI
```
**Architecture Rationale:**
JellyTau maintains both MediaSession types because they serve different purposes:
1. **Media3 MediaSession**: Handles lockscreen/notification playback controls (play/pause/next/previous)
2. **MediaSessionCompat**: Intercepts hardware volume button presses for remote playback control
When in remote playback mode (controlling a Jellyfin session on another device):
- Volume buttons are routed through `VolumeProviderCompat`
- Volume changes are sent to the remote session via Jellyfin API
- System volume UI shows the remote session's volume level
**Remote Volume Flow:**
```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
participant User
participant VolumeButton as Hardware Volume Button
participant VolumeProvider as VolumeProviderCompat
participant JNI as nativeOnRemoteVolumeChange
participant PlaybackMode as PlaybackModeManager
participant Jellyfin as Jellyfin Server
participant RemoteSession as Remote Session (TV/Browser)
User->>VolumeButton: Press Volume Up
VolumeButton->>VolumeProvider: onAdjustVolume(ADJUST_RAISE)
VolumeProvider->>VolumeProvider: remoteVolumeLevel += 2
VolumeProvider->>VolumeProvider: currentVolume = remoteVolumeLevel
VolumeProvider->>JNI: nativeOnRemoteVolumeChange("VolumeUp", level)
JNI->>PlaybackMode: send_remote_volume_command("VolumeUp", level)
PlaybackMode->>Jellyfin: POST /Sessions/{id}/Command/VolumeUp
Jellyfin->>RemoteSession: Set volume to new level
RemoteSession-->>User: Volume changes on TV/Browser
```
**Key Implementation Details:**
**Enabling Remote Volume** (`enableRemoteVolume()`):
```kotlin
fun enableRemoteVolume(initialVolume: Int) {
volumeProvider = object : VolumeProviderCompat(
VolumeProviderCompat.VOLUME_CONTROL_ABSOLUTE,
100, // Max volume
initialVolume
) {
override fun onSetVolumeTo(volume: Int) {
remoteVolumeLevel = volume.coerceIn(0, 100)
nativeOnRemoteVolumeChange("SetVolume", remoteVolumeLevel)
}
override fun onAdjustVolume(direction: Int) {
when (direction) {
AudioManager.ADJUST_RAISE -> {
remoteVolumeLevel = (remoteVolumeLevel + 2).coerceAtMost(100)
nativeOnRemoteVolumeChange("VolumeUp", remoteVolumeLevel)
currentVolume = remoteVolumeLevel
}
AudioManager.ADJUST_LOWER -> {
remoteVolumeLevel = (remoteVolumeLevel - 2).coerceAtLeast(0)
nativeOnRemoteVolumeChange("VolumeDown", remoteVolumeLevel)
currentVolume = remoteVolumeLevel
}
}
}
}
mediaSessionCompat.setPlaybackToRemote(volumeProvider)
}
```
**Disabling Remote Volume** (`disableRemoteVolume()`):
```kotlin
fun disableRemoteVolume() {
mediaSessionCompat.setPlaybackToLocal(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC)
volumeProvider = null
}
```
**Rust Integration** (`src-tauri/src/player/android/mod.rs`):
```rust
/// Enable remote volume control on Android
pub fn enable_remote_volume(initial_volume: i32) -> Result<(), String> {
start_playback_service()?;
let service_instance = get_playback_service_instance()?;
env.call_method(&service_instance, "enableRemoteVolume", "(I)V",
&[JValue::Int(initial_volume)])?;
Ok(())
}
```
**Dependencies** (`src-tauri/android/build.gradle.kts`):
```kotlin
dependencies {
implementation("androidx.media3:media3-session:1.5.1") // Media3 MediaSession
implementation("androidx.media:media:1.7.0") // MediaSessionCompat
}
```
**Integration with Playback Mode:**
Remote volume is automatically enabled/disabled during playback mode transfers:
```rust
// In PlaybackModeManager::transfer_to_remote()
#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
{
if let Err(e) = crate::player::enable_remote_volume(50) {
log::warn!("Failed to enable remote volume: {}", e);
}
}
// In PlaybackModeManager::transfer_to_local()
#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
{
if let Err(e) = crate::player::disable_remote_volume() {
log::warn!("Failed to disable remote volume: {}", e);
}
}
```
## Android Album Art Caching
**Location**: `src-tauri/android/src/main/java/com/dtourolle/jellytau/player/AlbumArtCache.kt`
Album art caching provides efficient bitmap storage for lock screen notifications with automatic LRU eviction and memory management.
```mermaid
flowchart TB
subgraph JellyTauPlayer["JellyTauPlayer.kt"]
LoadMedia["loadWithMetadata()<br/>- Store artworkUrl<br/>- Launch async download"]
AsyncDownload["Coroutine<br/>- Non-blocking<br/>- Dispatchers.IO"]
end
subgraph Cache["AlbumArtCache.kt"]
MemoryCache["LruCache<String, Bitmap><br/>- 1/8 of heap<br/>- ~12-16MB typical<br/>- 50-100 albums capacity"]
Download["Download & Scale<br/>- 512x512 max<br/>- Exponential backoff"]
ErrorHandle["Error Handling<br/>- Graceful fallback<br/>- Auto-retry"]
end
subgraph Service["JellyTauPlaybackService.kt"]
UpdateMeta["updateMediaMetadata()<br/>- Accept Bitmap parameter<br/>- Add METADATA_KEY_ALBUM_ART"]
Notification["Notification<br/>- setLargeIcon()<br/>- Lock screen display"]
end
LoadMedia --> AsyncDownload
AsyncDownload --> MemoryCache
MemoryCache --> Download
Download --> ErrorHandle
AsyncDownload --> UpdateMeta
UpdateMeta --> Notification
```
**AlbumArtCache Singleton:**
```kotlin
class AlbumArtCache(context: Context) {
private val memoryCache = object : LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) {
override fun sizeOf(key: String, bitmap: Bitmap): Int {
return bitmap.byteCount / 1024 // Size in KB
}
}
suspend fun getArtwork(url: String): Bitmap? {
memoryCache.get(url)?.let { return it }
return downloadAndCache(url)
}
private suspend fun downloadAndCache(url: String): Bitmap? =
withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
// HTTP download with 5s timeout
// Scale to 512x512 max
// Auto-evict LRU if needed
}
}
```
**Integration Flow:**
1. **Track Load** (`loadWithMetadata()`):
- Store artwork URL in `currentArtworkUrl`
- Reset bitmap to null
- Start playback immediately (non-blocking)
2. **Async Download** (Background Coroutine):
- Check cache: instant hit if available
- Network miss: download, scale, cache
- Auto-retry on network failure with exponential backoff
- Graceful fallback if artwork unavailable
3. **Notification Update**:
- Pass bitmap to `updatePlaybackServiceNotification()`
- Add to `MediaMetadataCompat` with `METADATA_KEY_ALBUM_ART`
- Display as large icon in notification
- Show on lock screen
**Memory Management:**
| Metric | Value |
|--------|-------|
| Cache Size | 1/8 of heap (12-16MB typical) |
| Max Resolution | 512x512 pixels |
| Capacity | ~50-100 album arts |
| Eviction Policy | LRU (Least Recently Used) |
| Lifetime | In-memory only (app session) |
| Network Timeout | 5 seconds per download |
**Performance Characteristics:**
- **Cache Hit**: ~1ms (in-memory retrieval)
- **Cache Miss**: ~200-500ms (download + scale)
- **Playback Impact**: Zero (async downloads)
- **Memory Overhead**: Max 16MB (auto-eviction)
- **Error Recovery**: Automatic with exponential backoff
## Backend Initialization
**Location**: `src-tauri/src/lib.rs`
Backend selection is platform-specific:
```rust
fn create_player_backend(app_handle: tauri::AppHandle) -> Box<dyn PlayerBackend> {
let event_emitter = Arc::new(TauriEventEmitter::new(app_handle));
#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
{
match MpvBackend::new(event_emitter.clone()) {
Ok(backend) => return Box::new(backend),
Err(e) => eprintln!("MPV init failed: {}", e),
}
}
#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
{
// ExoPlayer requires Activity context, initialized separately
}
// Fallback
Box::new(NullBackend::new())
}
```