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<h1 id="which-embedding-model-is-best">Which embedding model is best?<a class="headerlink" href="#which-embedding-model-is-best" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>Four candidates went into the bake-off: three ArcFace variants (w600k-R50,
R18, w600k-MBF) and LVFace-B (Glint360K), a Vision-Transformer embedder that's
a drop-in replacement for ArcFace's <code>[N,3,112,112]</code> input / 512-d output. The
open question: is LVFace (455MB) actually better, or just the biggest?</p>
<h2 id="first-signal-calibration-curves">First signal: calibration curves<a class="headerlink" href="#first-signal-calibration-curves" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Each gallery carries a fitted Platt sigmoid <code>P(match | cosine similarity) =
σ(a·sim + b)</code>, embedded directly in the gallery's HDF5 file
(<code>src/gallery/gallery_calibration.hpp</code>). This is a property of the embedding
space alone — computed from intra/inter-actor reference-image pairs, no
tracking or scene logic involved — so it's a clean first read on discriminative
power before running a single benchmark.</p>
<p><img alt="Calibrated P(match|similarity) for all four models" src="../assets/images/calibration_curves.png" /></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>model</th>
<th><code>a</code> (steepness)</th>
<th>boundary at P=0.5</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>LVFace-B Glint360K</strong></td>
<td><strong>17.7</strong></td>
<td><strong>sim 0.228</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ArcFace w600k-MBF</td>
<td>16.2</td>
<td>sim 0.267</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ArcFace w600k-R50</td>
<td>15.4</td>
<td>sim 0.301</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ArcFace R18</td>
<td>15.3</td>
<td>sim 0.309</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>LVFace has both the steepest transition and the lowest decision boundary — it
separates same-actor from different-actor reference pairs more confidently, at
a <em>lower</em> similarity threshold, than any ArcFace variant. That's a genuine
head start before the tracking/scoring pipeline is even involved.</p>
<h2 id="second-signal-f1-on-the-actual-benchmark">Second signal: F1 on the actual benchmark<a class="headerlink" href="#second-signal-f1-on-the-actual-benchmark" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Best full-gallery (no cast-restriction) result per model, from the 16-combo
rep4 matrix (<code>rep4-optimizer-results.md</code>):</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>model</th>
<th>F1</th>
<th>P</th>
<th>R</th>
<th>misID</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>LVFace-B Glint360K</strong></td>
<td><strong>75.3%</strong></td>
<td>89.7%</td>
<td><strong>65.4%</strong></td>
<td>232</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ArcFace w600k-MBF</td>
<td>74.2%</td>
<td>87.4%</td>
<td>64.4%</td>
<td>57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ArcFace R18</td>
<td>69.1%</td>
<td>87.6%</td>
<td>57.7%</td>
<td>242</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ArcFace w600k-R50</td>
<td>68.5%</td>
<td>94.0%</td>
<td>54.1%</td>
<td>150</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>LVFace wins outright, with the highest recall of any full-mode combo. This
reverses an earlier conclusion from a prior (superseded) benchmarking pass
using a scene-union metric, which found the three models statistically
indistinguishable (~85% each) and concluded LVFace wasn't worth its size — that
metric hid out-of-cast false positives behind a gallery∩cast recall mask (see
<code>optimizer-experiments.md</code>); the per-second metric used here does not.</p>
<p>Held-out validation (5 films never seen by the optimizer) confirms LVFace's
lead holds up out of sample — see the deep-dive page for the full breakdown,
including where it fails.</p>
<h2 id="caveat-model-choice-is-an-operational-change">Caveat: model choice is an operational change<a class="headerlink" href="#caveat-model-choice-is-an-operational-change" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Switching the default embedder isn't just flipping a config value — the
gallery itself is model-specific (embeddings from different models aren't
comparable), so any existing gallery built against ArcFace w600k-R50 needs to
be rebuilt from source images against LVFace before the new default takes
effect. <code>scripts/optimizer/reembed_gallery.py</code> does this from a reference
gallery's cached source images without re-downloading anything.</p>
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